Theosophy and Rosicrucianism
GA 100
16 June 1907, Kassel
Translator Unknown
I. Theosophy and Rosicrucianism
The aim of these lectures is to give a survey of what we are accustomed to call theosophy. Theosophy must become a new impulse of culture in an encompassing way. For a long time humanity has been yearning for it, and from many aspects it is called upon to give an answer to the burning questions now advanced by men. At the present time, however, theosophy is to a great extent something which people not only wish to oppose, but something which they look upon as questionable, even as mad, like the dreams of certain fantastic brains.
Of course, if they were to ask these dreamers what THEY seek through theosophy and what they expect from it, their answer will be a rather wide one. Those who have recognised the vital essence of theosophy, which modern people take to be mere dreams, look upon theosophy as something which in a few decades will have an immense significance for human thought and feeling, and for man' s will and actions.
There is nothing into which theosophy cannot shed its light as an impulse, nothing into which it is not called upon to shine.
It is a well known fact that at the present time there are many problems, hygienic, social or pedagogical problems, or women's suffrage, and even greater is the number of answers supplied to these questions. But if we investigate all these questions and answers in an objective way, we come to the conclusion that modern civilisation puts the questions rightly—for they are determined by the conditions of our time—but that our modern epoch is not able to supply the answers to these questions without further ado. One who shuts his eyes and ears to the problems of our time, will continually encounter obstacles along his path. A time will come when men will realise that they must face many other problems too: these problems arise out of the inner, and outer strife of humanity, out of all the pains and sufferings and out of the shattered hopes in every field. But only theosophy is able to supply an answer.
Ever greater grows the number of people who despondently bow their heads, who fulfil their duty, but do not know the reason for their work and whose nervous state of mind often culminates in despair, and even affects their physical health, ending in neurasthenic conditions.
Let us only allude to these things, for the fundamental idea which should rise up before us is that theosophy is not something which takes hold of the minds of a few lazy people, who have nothing better to do, but theosophy must penetrate into practical life.
During the thirty years of its existence, the Theosophical Society of course had to pass through many things and many an illness of childhood, which made people question its significance! But it will extricate itself from these illnesses and show what it is capable of. Spiritual science must become an all-encompassing concern, a universal task, because it must supply the answer to questions which are, after all, the fundamental questions of all existence, and it must point out the way in which modern men should grasp these questions and why religions and sciences exist at all. Whatever we do, and if art, science and practical activities are to exist at all, we must go back to certain fundamental questions, and these must in some way or other be solved. All religions were attempts to give an answer to such questions, an answer which was always in keeping with the intellectual and cultural stage of different peoples.
Theosophy does not wish to be a religion, it has nothing to do with sects and it does not agitate.
Religion, as you know, is as old as human endeavor. If we gain an insight into the different religions of different nations, we come to the conclusion that all these religions endeavoured to supply an answer to the questions: What is, in the first place, man's essential being? Secondly, what is his task and goal? and thirdly, what reaches beyond physical existence?
In regard to these questions, a strange epoch lies behind modern humanity, one which called into life many a doubt in religion. Let us ask: How many people are there to-day who need religion, but who are not able to have it? Some of us can look back into times when religion was still a truly experienced life, when it still counted far more, indeed in a much higher measure, than is the case to-day with single religiously disposed natures. These natures still possess something of that warm feeling which existed throughout thousands of years. The longing, the need for what we call the spiritual world, or the longing for religion, still exists to-day; indeed, among the most truth-loving natures this longing has even grown. Such a person may say to himself: When I was a child, I still had true faith. But then things changed: I become acquainted with so-called science and with its facts, and since science speaks in quite a different way, for instance, concerning the origin of the world, I seriously began to doubt that which I once believed in my childhood. And there followed a deeply sad mood in life; the soul felt as if it were torn and devastated, and when it looked out into the world, no light was shed upon the inner contrasts. This explains the torn state of mind swaying between religious longing and satisfaction of the soul, and it also explains the tragedy of modern man, But the strife of such souls is perhaps better than the other condition: namely, to ask nothing at all, to lose the habit of asking questions, to become superficial and just allow oneself to be driven along by ordinary life.
Is it the fault of religion that things have come to such a pass? No! It is plainly evident that this is not so, for every religion, even the ancient myths and legends, have means and ways to lead the heart once more towards the spiritual world to reanimate the soul, if the soul is willing.
Who would have thought that such mighty impulses from the ancient myths, which had apparently died out thousands of years ago, leading an almost hidden, unknown existence, could rise to new life, as is the case in Richard Wagner's dramas?
It is not necessary to found a new religion; the time for this has past. What is needed now, is a new attitude towards religion, a new understanding of religion! What has changed, is the human spirit, the human soul, the human heart!
If we immerse ourselves in the development of human souls, we shall find in the course of these lectures, that human souls have already lived many times upon the physical plane, and that they gradually developed, until they reached the present stage, At first, this may sound strange, yet during past lives our souls have frequently heard the deep truths which will be explained in to-day's lecture.
The teaching of reincarnation will, for instance, be advanced; but your souls have listened, as they are listening to me now, to the Druids who lived and taught particularly in this region. These druidic teachers of ancient times already taught the truth of reincarnation to a smaller circle; they cultivated this primordial wisdom concerning the riddles of life. They went out to those whose souls thirsted for a deeper knowledge. But if these teachers of ancient times had spoken as I am speaking to you now, your souls could not then have understood them, for at that time the human spirit had not yet reached the present stage of development. Logical thought did not as yet exist in the human spirit. Man possessed instead the possibility of grasping truths in the form of images. These teachers therefore spoke in the form of images, and these images are known to us to-day in the form of legends and myths. If in the past our souls had not heard these teachings, we could not understand the spiritual truths to-day, when they are taught to us in a new form.
The soul thus makes enormous progresses through thousands of years; it continually takes on a new shape and therefore truth must be presented in a constantly new form; it must ever again be proclaimed anew. Let me give you a second example.
Let us go back into, the evolution of humanity as far as the ancient Egyptians, Chaldeans and Babylonians. When these peoples were the bearers of culture they did not look upon the sun and the stars as mere physical bodies. To-day, when a materialistic astronomer contemplates the heavenly bodies, he only sees in them physical bodies, and nothing besides. Even the earth is to him a physical body in the world's spaces, and man crawls about upon it, like the gnat upon our hand.
But it was otherwise among the ancient Egyptian astronomers. When the ancient Egyptian astrologer looked upon a star, he did not think of a purely physical body, for the star meant to him something quite different than it does to modern men. When he pronounced, for instance, the name of Mercury, he uttered it with veneration. It never passed through his mind to address the physical heavenly body, just as you would not dream of addressing a body made of cardboard. Everything which the eye perceived was at that time the expression of something spiritual. For the ancient astronomer, the physical star Mercury was therefore the expression of the Spirit of Mercury. You must not grasp this intellectually, but with your feeling, for otherwise you cannot understand what lived in the soul of such an astronomer. Everything in the world was to him the expression of something spiritual. He said: Everything is Spirit, and I, as a spirit, am a part of this Spirit.
You should bear in mind this feeling of the sages of ancient times; we should endeavour to understand them, and grasp what they knew concerning the processes which took place in the spiritual spaces. Those who immerse themselves in this feeling, know how immensely superior is this conception to our modern materialistic one! It is necessary to understand the sages of olden times; we should find out what they knew concerning that which took place in the spiritual spaces of the universe, for then we begin to notice the tremendous difference between their conception and our modern one, and the enormous significance of those ancient teachings of wisdom! This may seem ridiculous to the materialistic sense of our time, which is only acquainted with the purely physical conception of astronomy—yet it is so.
How did it come about that man has now lost the understanding for the spiritual life which lies at the foundation of all physical existence? Why had this to occur?
Let us turn our gaze to our immediate surroundings. Were you able to compare man's present environment with that which once surrounded him at every step, you would find that at that time man only possessed the most necessary means of subsistence; but he had, on the other hand, more comprehension for spiritual things. This comprehension for the spiritual world had to withdraw in order to give man the possibility to acquire his present dominion over the earth. Every technical and industrial progress of the present time could only be achieved through a world-conception which had become materialistic, through the fact that the spirit, the super-sensible world, withdrew. At the cost of spiritual contemplation man gained, in the course of the last centuries, his rule over the physical world. It is a primordial, eternal law of humanity that capacities acquired in one sphere, can only be gained by the withdrawal of others upon another sphere. For instance, man could never have called into life the possibilities of travel and communication had other capacities not withdrawn. The sense for spiritual things had to withdraw, in order that everything which now surrounds us might arise. All that once filled the human soul had to withdraw, to render possible the conquest of the physical world.
Thus we see that around the 16th century men lost the vision of the spiritual world, and we see how the materialistic conception took hold of humanity. Those who believe that they themselves do not live in the very midst of such materialism are greatly mistaken.
It is not the task of spiritual science to deny or renounce things; it does not intend to criticise the bad world of to-day; but it wishes to indicate the necessity of man's descent into matter. The great horizon of spiritual life had to withdraw from humanity while this descent took place, and this explains why man lost the old way of comprehending spiritual things. The truths exist in their old, earlier forms. Spiritual science can show how those truths can be rendered accessible to modern men. This is its chief aim. Consequently theosophy is merely the instrument whereby the deepest truths can be rendered accessible to the modern human spirit, in order that they may be grasped in their full depth.
To-day it is once more necessary to draw attention to the Spirit. We should not content ourselves with pointing out the “magnificent progress” of modern times! Spiritual truth is always accessible to us, and we must comprehend it in different ways.
If we turn back to ancient India and Egypt, and to ancient Greece at the time when Christianity arose, we always come across the same ancient truths, in different forms. There were always leaders of humanity who took care that the truths which had paled with the decay of civilisations should, at given times, be communicated anew. All the great founders of religion can be found among such leaders.
Before the dawn of our modern epoch, before the time of Copernicus and the 16th century, care was taken also in Europe to establish the foundation for a new way of proclaiming spiritual truths. Around the 16th century, lived certain people who were able to interpret the signs of the times. As early as 1459, a higher spiritual individuality, known in the external world as Christian Rosenkreutz, founded, with quite a small number of men, an occult school for the cultivation of wisdom, of ancient wisdom, but in a form suited to modern men. This is the wisdom of the Rosicrucians, cultivated for the first time around 1459. As stated, this wisdom is nothing new; it is the ancient primeval wisdom, but in a form suited to modern men.
What is the connection between this Rosicrucian wisdom and Christianity? There is no difference between the genuine Christian teachings and those of the Rosicrucians. If we grasp Christianity in its essence, we obtain the theosophy of the Rosicrucians. It is not necessary to found a new religion, but Christianity should be grasped in the way in which the early Christians grasped it. Only a few people still know something concerning the mysteries of the early Christian development. Even official theology has not the slightest idea of this. We come across St.Paul, as a man who had a deep knowledge of the Christian mysteries, who taught those mighty truths which were to guide humanity throughout thousands of years. At Athens, St. Paul had founded a school, whose leader was Dionysios thc Areopagite. Dionysios was a genuine disciple of St. Paul.
The teachings of Dionysios have always remained alive, and they have always been taught, particularly to those who had to bring Christ's living Word out into thc world. Had men stopped at Dionysios' standpoint, no new form would have been required. But the new era dawned, and with it arose the necessary of proclaiming these truths in such a way that no science could raise any objection against them. This is the aim of the Rosicrucian theosophy. Rosicrucian theosophy is therefore that form of religion which is suited to our time.
Only those who understand Christianity in the right way, can have an idea of its living content.
If we were in the position to hear from every side that which Rosicrucian theosophy had to say in connection with true Christianity, we would discover that scientific facts do not contradict these descriptions. The chief thing to bear in mind is that there should be no contradiction between religion and scientific facts, and that these scientific facts should harmonise with religion.
What does the Rosicrucian theosophy wish to give us? The knowledge of higher worlds, that is to say, of the worlds to which man will belong, when his physical body shall have decayed. It gives him the knowledge of life, the knowledge of the true nature of death and of human development. In this way, it can give him new strength in regard to religious truths and religious life.
No one should say: I stand firmly upon the foundation of the ancient teachings, and these suffice for me ... What do I care for those who doubt!—No opinion can be more selfish or un-Christian that this! It is still possible to-day for a certain number of men to live upon the foundation of old religions, but in a not too distant future this will no longer be possible. Those who have an insight into that which great social upheavals throw up to the surface, cannot judge in this way. They will realise that it is not possible to quarrel over the fact that theosophy must be proclaimed.
Thinking men know that spiritual science exists in order to supply an answer to the most burning questions, and that it is actually able to reply to all these questions. After all, one can prove or disprove anything, but this is not the essential point: It is impossible to quarrel over a REMEDY; the essential point is the success which we achieve with it. It is exactly the same with spiritual science. Humanity needs spirituality as a remedy, and it can only recover from its illnesses if this remedy streams into it. It is an evolutionary factor of our civilisation, and a giver of life.
Our modern way of living does not suffice, for it is directed exclusively towards physical-bodily things. The aim of theosophy is the health and recovery of Soul and Spirit. Spiritual science is nothing arbitrary; our present time and its problems call for it. All that it tells us, constitutes the teaching of those men who were able to make investigations in this sphere.
Spiritual science leads us into higher worlds, into which no physical eye can look, and which contain the causes of the effects to be found in the physical world. It will bring us knowledge of the external part of human nature, of every individuals essential being, the knowledge of the spiritual worlds and their hierarchies.
As we learn to know these, we also learn to know man's mission and significance. What we should endeavour to grasp is the true essence of human nature. We shall learn to know worlds which exist, but which cannot be perceived through our ordinary physical senses. Some might say: What you are telling us is very fine, but we cannot really know anything about it.—Fichte has already supplied an answer to this objection. Imagine that you were to enter a world of blind-born men, as the only one endowed with sight, and that you were to describe colours to these blind men ... These men will say: You are telling us nonsense; colours do not exist. But if the blind could be operated on, so as to give them the power of sight, they would be able to experience this world of colours and of light.
The same argument applies to the above objection. Those who raise it, adopt the same standpoint of the blind. No one should therefore say: Such things do not exist ... For no man has the right to speak of “limits of knowledge”, as did Du Bois-Reymond. As many worlds exist, as there are organs able to perceive them, and this is an infinite number of worlds! We are unable to perceive them to-day, because we still lack the organs of perception. The world is not only spatially infinite, but also intensively infinite: These is a world for every organ of sense. These worlds are still inaccessible to us yet they exist,—they exist, where we ourselves exist. The only thing needed is that our eyes should be opened, for these worlds are in our very midst.
The words of Christ: “Do not seek the Kingdom of God, for the Kingdom of God is in your midst”, should be taken literally. Also spiritual science speaks in this sense of the spiritual worlds. There have always been initiates who knew how to enter these kingdoms of heaven. Every religion speaks of these kingdoms. Spiritual science is but the means of disclosing anew this fundamental truth contained in every religion: Whatever we see and perceive round about us, is but the result and the effect of what takes place in the spiritual worlds. Whatever manifests itself upon the earth, is but the development of that which works and lives in the spiritual worlds.
Official Christianity has long ago lost the capacity of understanding the depths of religious documents. Spiritual science therefore had to take over the task of supplying the key to the forgotten treasures of knowledge, thus offering humanity, which is standing at the parting of thc roads, the remedy which it needs. Yet spiritual science does not know fanaticism; it simply relates and clearly sets forth man's being; it indicates his destiny after death, and how his soul develops outside the physical body. It describes that which takes place in the higher worlds; it speaks of the evolutionary stages of the earth and of the other planets, and it throws light upon the life-path trodden by man so far, and upon his future path. It points to that which man must still pass through, in order that he may reach his goal.
We shall try to grasp man's being and the nature of the worlds from which he comes. This is the sphere of knowledge to which spiritual science leads us.
Now we might object that all this only exists for the so-called clairvoyant seer, who is able to look into the spiritual worlds. Of what use is it to us, for these worlds are not accessible to us!
To this objection we can reply: There are, to be sure, certain methods of training which are only suited to the spiritual investigator, which make the above objection seem justified. But the path of Rosicrucian training is a different one. The clairvoyant eye and the ear of an initiate are of course needed if we wish to penetrate into the spiritual worlds, but our ordinary logic suffices to understand them. All that the spiritual investigator describes to us, is accessible to our logical reason; our sound common sense suffices for the comprehension of such things. Those who cannot grasp them, simply lack logical power. For the discovery of spiritual mysteries the clairvoyant eye of the spiritual investigator is of course needed, but our ordinary logic suffices in order to understand the things described in Rosicrucianism.
Those who cannot understand these things, should not ascribe their lack of understanding to the Rosicrucian training. Their failure does not depend upon the fact that they are not clairvoyant, but because their understanding is not sound and their thought is not consistent. Many people have no idea of logic. There is a modern musician, for instance, who even said that it is a mistake to think over things ... Even our scientists do not think beyond a certain limit. But if we use our understanding in the right way, we are able to grasp spiritual truths and spiritual wisdom, and they can become alive within us. If you keep on asking: Of what use are these things to us? I can give you the following reply:—Nothing can be given to us which is of greater importance than the knowledge of spiritual science! This alone transforms us into real human beings and gives us, even at the present time, a contented heart and a soul that has reached harmony.
With more words we do not proceed far in this field, for the striving after knowledge is an earnest matter and we must immerse ourselves in the necessities and problems of life. We must endeavour to pass on courageously from one sphere of spiritual life to the other, for this will give us an insight into the whole evolution of the universe and of man. The overwhelming greatness of these events will not only take hold of our hearts, but awaken new capacities within us; which render us more capable to face the tasks of everyday life. Direct forces stream out of spiritual science, and these become a treasure which cannot be lost and which transforms us into creative man beings.
You will understand the physical world, only if you learn to know the spiritual world. Spiritual science is not meant for cranks, but for the most practical of the practical!
Every form of life is spiritual. Even as ice is condensed water, so matter is condensed spirit. Mineral, plant, animal, or man—each is a condensed form of the spirit.
In this sense, the Rosicrucian theosophy will lead us to understand the spiritual foundations of the world. It does not change us into brooding egotists, but into lovers of life, for it does not despise ordinary life, nor estrange us from our earthly tasks, but it unites us with them. It stimulates us to diligent activity, for it knows that every action, as well as every Being, is an expression of the Spirit.
Erster Vortrag
[ 1 ] Das Ziel dieser Vorträge soll sein, einen Überblick zu geben über das, was man gewohnt ist, Theosophie zu nennen. Diese Theosophie muß im umfassendsten Sinne ein neuer Kulturimpuls werden; sie ist etwas, wonach sich die Menschheit seit langer Zeit sehnt und muß Antwort geben auf die von allen Seiten her brennende Frage, welche die Menschheit stellt. Doch ist sie in unserer Gegenwart noch vielfach etwas, was man nicht nur widerlegen will, sondern was man als etwas Fragwürdiges, ja als etwas Verrücktes ansieht, wie die Träumereien von einigen phantastischen Köpfen.
[ 2 ] Freilich, wenn man diese Phantasten selbst frägt, was sie mit der Theosophie wollen und sich von ihr versprechen, dann ist die Antwort eine ziemlich umfassende. Vor allen Dingen wird das, was heute als träumerisch angesehen wird, von dem, der es in seinem Lebensnerv erkannt hat, als etwas angesehen, was sicher schon in zwanzig bis fünfzig Jahren eine ungeheure Bedeutung haben wird für das menschliche Empfinden, Denken, Wollen und Tun.
[ 3 ] Es gibt nichts, wohinein nicht diese Theosophie als Impuls leuchten könnte und zu leuchten berufen wäre.
[ 4 ] Daß es heute in unserer Zeit die verschiedensten Fragen gibt: Gesundheits-, soziale, Frauen-, Erziehungsfragen, ist ja bekannt. Noch eine größere Fülle von Antworten gibt es. Wenn man aber sachlich alle diese Fragen und ihre Antworten prüft, kommt man zu der Einsicht, daß die Fragen zwar richtig gestellt sind von unserer Zeitkultur - sie werden von den Zeitverhältnissen gestellt —, daß aber die Antworten auf diese Fragen so ohne weiteres von unserer Zeit nicht gegeben werden können.
[ 5 ] Demjenigen, welcher Augen und Ohren vor den Fragen der Zeit verschließt, wird klar, daß sich ihm überall Hindernisse in den Weg stellen. Es wird eine Zeit kommen, wo die Menschen gewahr werden, daß es noch viel mehr Fragen gibt: die Tatsache vom inneren und äußeren Kriege der Menschheit, von Schmerzen und Leiden, von zertretenen Hoffnungen auf allen Gebieten, stellt diese Fragen. Die Antwort zu geben, kann nur die Theosophie imstande sein.
[ 6 ] Die Menschen, welche den Kopf hängen lassen, die zwar ihre Pflicht tun, aber nicht wissen, wozu sie all die Arbeit verrichten, und bei denen sich diese zerfahrene Stimmung ausprägt bis zur Verzweiflung, ja sogar bis in die physische Gesundheit hinein, in den Erscheinungen der Neurasthenie, werden immer zahlreicher.
[ 7 ] Dies alles soll hier nur angedeutet werden. Der Hauptgedanke soll vor unsere Seele treten: Theosophie ist nichts, was innerhalb einiger müßiger Köpfe Platz greifen soll, die nichts Besseres zu tun haben, sondern sie soll in das praktische Leben eingreifen.
[ 8 ] Freilich, auch die Theosophische Gesellschaft hat in den dreißig Jahren ihres Bestehens ihre Kinderkrankheiten und alle möglichen Dinge durchzumachen gehabt, welche an ihrer Bedeutung haben zweifeln lassen; aber sie wird sich aus diesen Krankheiten herausarbeiten und zeigen, was sie zu leisten vermag. Eine alles umfassende Angelegenheit, eine universelle Sache muß die Theosophie werden, weil sie die Antwort geben soll auf die Fragen, die schließlich die Grundfragen alles Daseins sind, und darauf hinweisen, wie der heutige Mensch diese Fragen verstehen soll; verstehen, warum es in der Welt überhaupt Religionen und Wissenschaften gibt. Was wir auch immer tun, auf gewisse Grundfragen geht es zurück, wenn es Kunst, Wissenschaft und praktisches Wirken geben soll, und diese Grundfragen müssen in irgendeiner Weise gelöst werden. Alle Religionen waren Versuche, auf diese Fragen Antwort zu geben, eine Antwort, die aber immer dem Intellekt und der Kulturstufe der Völker angepaßt war.
[ 9 ] Theosophie will keine Religion sein, sie hat nichts zu tun mit einer Sekte, sie agitiert nicht.
[ 10 ] Religion ist, wie Sie wissen, so alt wie das menschliche Streben. Wenn wir die verschiedenen Religionen bei den verschiedenen Völkern durchschauen, kommen wir zu der Überzeugung, daß all die verschiedenen Religionen versucht haben, Antwort zu geben auf die Fragen: Was ist, erstens, der Wesenskern des Menschen? Zweitens, des Menschen Bestimmung? Drittens: Was reicht über dieses physische Dasein hinaus?
[ 11 ] In bezug auf diese Fragen haben gerade wir heutigen Menschen eine merkwürdige Zeit hinter uns, die viele Menschen hat irre werden lassen an der Religion. Fragen wir uns einmal: Wie viele Menschen gibt es heute, die wohl Religion brauchen, aber sie nicht haben können? Einige von uns können noch in Zeiten zurückblicken, wo die Religion noch wirklich empfundenes Leben war, wo die Religion noch viel mehr Geltung hatte, ja in viel höherem Maße, als es bei einzelnen besonders religiös veranlagten Naturen noch heute der Fall ist. In den letzteren ist noch etwas von dem warmen Gefühl vorhanden, welches durch Jahrtausende gegangen ist. Das Bedürfnis, die Sehnsucht nach dem, was man die geistige Welt nennt, das heißt die Sehnsucht nach Religion, ist auch heute noch vorhanden; ja, bei den wahrsten Naturen ist diese Sehnsucht nach Befriedigung sogar immer größer geworden. Ein solcher Mensch wird sagen: Als ich ein Kind war, da hatte ich noch den rechten Glauben. Dann aber wurde es anders. Da lernte ich die sogenannte Wissenschaft kennen und ihre Tatsachen, und ich mußte, da diese zum Beispiel ganz anders erzählen, wie die Welt entstanden ist, tief zweifeln an dem, was ich als Kind geglaubt hatte! - Und dann kam das andere: eine tief traurige Stimmung des Lebens, wo die Seele wie zerrissen ist, wo die Seele öde in die Welt blickt und keine Aufklärung erhält über den inneren Zwiespalt. Daher die Zerrissenheit zwischen religiöser Sehnsucht und Befriedigung der Seele, daher die heutige Tragik. Vielleicht ist das aber noch das bessere, was in diesen Seelen Platz greift, besser als das andere: daß nämlich der Mensch überhaupt nicht mehr frägt, das Fragen sich ganz abgewöhnt, daß er oberflächlich wird und im Alltagsdasein bloß so hinlebt.
[ 12 ] Liegt es nun an den Religionen, daß es so gekommen ist? Nein! Mit Händen zu greifen ist es, daß dies nicht so ist; denn jede Religion, ja selbst die alten Mythen und Sagen, haben die Mittel und Wege, das Herz zurückzuführen, jede Seele wieder lebendig zu machen, wenn sie nur will. Wer hätte es geglaubt, daß solche gewaltigen Impulse aus den alten Mythen, die doch jahrtausendelang ausgestorben schienen und ein fast verborgenes, unbekanntes Dasein führten, auferstehen könnten, wie in den Dramen von Richard Wagner?
[ 13 ] Eine neue Religion braucht nicht begründet zu werden, denn die Zeit dafür ist vorüber; aber eine neue Stellungnahme des Menschen zu ihr, ein neues Verständnis ist nötig geworden. Was anders geworden ist, das ist der menschliche Geist, die menschliche Seele, das menschliche Herz.
[ 14 ] Versuchen wir uns einmal in den Entwickelungsgang der menschlichen Seele hineinzuversetzen, so werden wir uns im Verlauf dieser Vorträge davon überzeugen können, daß unsere Seelen schon oft hier auf dem physischen Plane waren, daß sie sich erst nach und nach zu der Stufe entwickelt haben, auf der sie heute stehen. Das mag Ihnen zunächst grotesk erscheinen, aber alle unsere Seelen haben die tiefen Wahrheiten, wie sie uns heute vorgetragen werden, schon oft in ihren früheren Leben gehört.
[ 15 ] Sie werden zum Beispiel hier die Lehre von der Wiederverkörperung kennenlernen; aber so wie Sie heute mir zuhören, so haben früher Ihre Seelen zugehört jenen gerade in unserer Gegend lebenden und lehrenden Druiden. Schon diese alten Druidenlehrer haben die Lehre von der Wiederverkörperung in engeren Kreisen gepflegt, diese uralte Weisheit über die Rätsel des Lebens. Sie sind hinausgegangen zu denen, welche in ihrer Seele das Bedürfnis nach tieferer Erkenntnis fühlten. Hätten aber diese alten Lehrer damals so gesprochen, wie ich heute spreche, dann hätten es Ihre Seelen damals gar nicht verstehen können, denn dazu wäre damals der Geist noch nicht entwickelt gewesen. Damals gab es für den menschlichen Geist noch kein logisches Denken. Was es aber gab, das war die Möglichkeit, durch Bilder aufzufassen. Und deshalb sprachen diese Lehrer in Bildern sich aus, und diese Bilder sind das, was Sie heute als Sagen und Mythen kennen. Hätten unsere Seelen diese Lehren damals nicht gehört, dann könnten wir es heute nicht verstehen, wenn uns die Wahrheit heute in neuer Form gelehrt würde.
[ 16 ] So macht die Seele durch Jahrtausende gewaltige Fortschritte, immer neue Gestalt nimmt sie an, und deshalb muß auch die Wahrheit in immer neuer Gestalt an sie herangebracht, ihr verkündet werden. Ich will Ihnen ein zweites Beispiel anführen.
[ 17 ] Gehen wir einmal in der Menschheitsentwickelung zurück bis zu den Ägyptern, Chaldäern, Babyloniern. Als diese die’Iräger der Kultur waren, da sahen sie nicht Sonne und Sterne als rein physische Körper an. Wenn heute ein materialistischer Astronom sich die Himmelskörper betrachtet, so sieht er eben nur physische Körper in ihnen, sonst aber nichts. Die Erde ist für ihn auch nur solch ein physischer Weltenkörper, auf dem der Mensch herumkrabbelt, wie die Mücke auf unserer Hand.
[ 18 ] Ganz anders war es bei den alten ägyptischen Astronomen. Wenn der alte ägyptische Sterndeuter einen Stern ansah, dachte er nicht an einen rein physischen Körper, sondern der Stern bedeutete für ihn etwas ganz anderes als für den heutigen Menschen. Wenn er zum Beispiel den Namen Merkur aussprach, tat er das mit Ehrfurcht. Er dachte da gar nicht daran, den physischen Himmelskörper anzusprechen, ebensowenig wie Sie denken, einen Körper aus Papiermache anzusprechen. Alles, was das Auge sah, war für diese Zeit nur der äußere Ausdruck eines Geistigen. So war der physische Stern Merkur für die alten Astronomen der Ausdruck für den Geist des Merkur. Sie müssen das nicht verstandesmäßig, sondern mit dem Gemüt auffassen, sonst haben Sie keinen Begriff von dem Seeleninhalt eines solchen Astronomen. Es gab nichts, was nicht für ihn der Ausdruck eines Geistigen war. Er sagte: Alles ist Geist, ünd ich als Geist bin ein Teil dieses Geistes.
[ 19 ] Diese Empfindung müssen Sie sich vor Augen halten. Die Weisen der früheren Zeiten, man muß sie verstehen, muß das verstehen, was die gewußt haben über die Vorgänge des geistigen Raumes. Und wer sich in diese Empfindung hinein vertieft, der weiß, wie unendlich erhaben diese Anschauung über unsere heutige materialistische Anschauung ist. Die Weisen der damaligen Zeit muß man erst verstehen, man muß ergründen, was sie über die Vorgänge des geistigen Raumes gewußt haben; dann erst merkt man, wie ungeheuer der Unterschied ist, und wie unendlich bedeutungsvoll jene alten Weisheitslehren waren. Das mag dem materialistischen Sinn unserer Zeit, der nur die rein physische Auffassung der Astronomie kennt, lächerlich erscheinen, aber es ist SO.
[ 20 ] Wie kommt es nun, daß jetzt dem Menschen der Sinn für das geistige Leben, das allem physischen Leben zugrunde liegt,abhanden gekommen ist? Und warum mußte das so kommen?
[ 21 ] Wenden wir einmal den Blick auf das, was uns in nächster Nähe umgibt. Könnten Sie das, was damals den Menschen auf Schritt und Tritt umgeben hat, mit dem vergleichen, was heute den Menschen umgibt, so würden Sie finden: Damals besaß der Mensch nur die allernotdürftigsten Mittel, um sein Leben auf dieser Erde zu fristen; dafür aber hatte er noch mehr Sinn für das Geistige. Dieser Sinn für die geistige Welt mußte zurücktreten, um dem Menschen die Möglichkeit zu geben, die jetzige Herrschaft über die Erde zu erringen. Alle unsere Fortschritte in Technik und Industrie waren nur möglich durch unsere materialistisch gewordene Weltanschauung, und dadurch, daß eben der Geist, die übersinnliche Welt, zurücktrat. Also auf Kosten der geistigen Anschauung errang sich der Mensch im Laufe der letzten Jahrhunderte die Herrschaft über die physische Welt. Es ist ein urewiges Gesetz der Menschheit, daß Fähigkeiten, die auf dem einen Gebiete erworben werden, nur durch Zurücktreten von Fähigkeiten auf einem andern Gebiete gewonnen werden können. Niemals hätte der Mensch zum Beispiel die Verkehrsmöglichkeiten von heute schaffen können, wenn nicht die andern Fähigkeiten zurückgetreten wären. Um alles das, was uns heute umgibt, zu erwerben, mußte der Sinn für das Geistige zurücktreten. Zur Eroberung der physischen Welt also mußte das zurücktreten, wovon der Mensch einst erfüllt war.
[ 22 ] So sehen wir um das 16. Jahrhundert herum die Menschen den Blick für die geistige Welt verlieren, und sehen, wie der materialistische Sinn die Menschheit erfaßt. Und wer glaubt, daß er selber nicht mitten darinsteht in diesem Materialismus, der irrt sich.
[ 23 ] Die Aufgabe der Geisteswissenschaft ist nicht, etwas zu negieren, sie übt keine Kritik an der schlechten Welt von heute; sie zeigt vielmehr, daß das Herabsteigen in die Materie eine Notwendigkeit war. Es mußte der große Horizont des Geisteslebens der Menschheit so lange zurücktreten; und damit hängt es auch zusammen, daß die alte Art des Verständnisses für geistige Dinge abhanden gekommen ist. Die Wahrheiten waren da in jenen alten, früheren Gestaltungen. Wie sie aber heute dem Verständnis der Menschen nahegebracht werden können, das will die Geisteswissenschaft zeigen. Das ist es, worauf es ihr ankommt. So ist Theosophie nichts anderes als ein Instrument, um die tiefsten Wahrheiten für den heutigen menschlichen Geist verständlich zu machen, um sie in ihren Tiefen zu erfassen.
[ 24 ] Heute muß wieder auf den Geist hingewiesen werden. Man darf nicht dabei bleiben, zu sagen, wie wir es «so herrlich weit gebracht» haben. Die Wahrheit ist jederzeit zugänglich, und sie ist auf verschiedene Art zu begreifen.
[ 25 ] Wenden wir unseren Blick zurück zu dem alten Indien, nach Ägypten, Griechenland, in die Zeit der Begründung des Christentums: Es sind immer die gleichen alten Wahrheiten, die in verschiedenen Formen auftreten. Immer gab es Führer der Menschheit, die vorgesorgt haben dafür, daß zu bestimmten Zeiten die Wahrheiten, die mit den untergehenden Kulturen verblaßt waren, der Menschheit neu mitgeteilt wurden. Zu diesen Führern gehören alle großen Religionsstifter.
[ 26 ] Bevor unsere neuere Zeit heraufkam, vor Kopernikus und jenem 16. Jahrhundert, da wurde auch in Europa schon Vorsorge getroffen, daß die Grundlagen für eine neue Art der Wahrheitsverkündigung gelegt wurden. Um dieses 16. Jahrhundert herum gab es einige Menschen, welche die Zeichen der Zeit zu deuten verstanden. Schon 1459 stiftete, mit ganz wenigen Menschen, eine höhere geistige Individualität, in der Außenwelt Christian Rosenkreutz genannt, eine Geheimschule zur Pflege der Weisheit, keiner neuen Weisheit, aber der alten Weisheit in einer solchen Form, wie sie die Menschen jetzt brauchten. Das ist die Weisheit der Rosenkreuzer, die damals zuerst gepflegt wurde. Es ist, wie gesagt, nichts Neues; es ist die uralte Weisheit, aber in der Form, in der sie die jetzige Menschheit braucht.
[ 27 ] Wie verhält sich nun diese Weisheit der Rosenkreuzer zum Christentum? Es ist gar kein Unterschied da zwischen der echten christlichen Lehre und derjenigen der Rosenkreuzer. Man braucht nur das Christentum in seinem Kern zu verstehen, dann hat man die Theosophie der Rosenkreuzer. Man braucht keine neue Religion zu begründen, man muß vielmehr das Christentum so auffassen, wie es die ersten Christen verstanden haben. Die wenigsten Menschen aber wissen noch etwas von den Geheimnissen der ersten christlichen Entwickelung. Selbst die offizielle Theologie hat keine Ahnung mehr davon. Da finden wir Paulus selbst als den tiefsten Kenner der christlichen Geheimnisse, der jene gewaltigen Wahrheiten lehrte, welche durch Jahrtausende die Menschheit leiten sollten. Dieser Paulus hatte in Athen eine Schule gegründet, deren Vorsteher Dionysius der Areopagite war. Dieser Dionysius war ein wirklicher Schüler des Paulus.
[ 28 ] Jene Lehren des Dionysius sind immer lebendig gewesen und wurden immer gelehrt, insbesondere auch denen, welche das lebendige Wort des Christus hinaustragen sollten in alle Welt. Würden die Menschen auf jenem Standpunkt des Dionysius stehengeblieben sein, so hätte man keine neue Form gebraucht. Aber es kam die neue Zeit herauf und damit die Notwendigkeit, so zu lehren, daß das Christentum feststehe, daß keine Wissenschaft etwas dagegen einzuwenden vermöge. Das ist das Streben der Rosenkreuzertheosophie. Daher ist die Rosenkreuzertheosophie diejenige Form der Religion, welche für uns heute angemessen ist.
[ 29 ] Nur wer das Christentum richtig versteht, kann eine Ahnung davon haben, was sein ewig lebendiger Gehalt ist.
[ 30 ] Würden wir heute in die Lage versetzt, von allen Seiten hier zu hören, was diese Rosenkreuzertheosophie über das wahre Christentum zu sagen hat, die wissenschaftlichen Tatsachen würden den dort geschilderten Vorgängen nicht widersprechen. Es kommt darauf an, daß die Religion in keinem Widerspruch befunden werden könne mit den wissenschaftlichen Tatsachen, und daß diese wissenschaftlichen Tatsachen mit ihr in Einklang gebracht werden.
[ 31 ] Was will uns nun diese Rosenkreuzertheosophie bringen? Erkenntnis höherer Welten, das heißt derjenigen Welten, denen der Mensch noch angehören wird, wenn dieser unser physischer Leib schon zerfallen sein wird; Erkenntnis des Lebens, Erkenntnis des Wesens des Todes und der menschlichen Entwickelung. So wird sie den Menschen eine Wiederbefestigung bringen in bezug auf religiöse Wahrheiten und religiöses Leben.
[ 32 ] Keiner sollte sagen: Ich stehe fest auf dem Boden der alten Lehren, und mir genügen diese. Was kümmern mich die Zweifler! - Es gibt nichts Egoistischeres und kein unchristlicheres Urteil als dieses. Denn was heute vielleicht noch möglich ist: daß eine Anzahl Menschen noch zurückgehalten werden auf dem Boden der alten Religionen, das wird in nicht allzuferner Zukunft nicht mehr möglich sein. Wer hineinzuschauen vermag in das, was jetzt die großen sozialen Wellen aufwerfen will, der wird nicht so urteilen; der wird sehen, daß die Verkündigung der 'Theosophie nicht etwas ist, worüber man streitet. Wer denken kann, weiß, daß Geisteswissenschaft da ist, um die brennendsten Fragen zu beantworten, und daß sie tatsächlich auf alle Fragen eine Antwort zu geben vermag. Man kann ja im Grunde genommen alles beweisen und alles bestreiten, aber darauf kommt es nicht an: über ein Heilmittel kann man nicht streiten, es kommt lediglich auf den Erfolg an, den man damit hat. Und genau so geht es mit der Geisteswissenschaft. Die Menschheit braucht die Spiritualität als Heilmittel, und nur wenn dieses Heilmittel einströmt, kann die Gesundung der Menschheit erfolgen. Sie ist ein Entwickelungsfaktor und Lebensspender für unsere Kultur.
[ 33 ] Mit äußeren Einrichtungen ist es nicht getan; sie sind ausnahmslos nur auf das Physisch-Körperliche gerichtet. Die Gesundung der Seele und des Geistes ist es, was die Theosophie anstrebt. Geisteswissenschaft ist nichts Willkürliches, sie wird von der Zeit und ihren Problemen verlangt. Alles, was sie uns sagt, ist die gemeinsame Lehre derer, die auf diesem Gebiete geforscht haben.
[ 34 ] Wir werden durch die Geisteswissenschaft in höhere Welten geführt, in welche das sinnliche Auge nicht hineinschauen kann, aber in denen die Ursachen zu den Wirkungen in dieser physischen Welt liegen. Die Erkenntnis des Ewigen in der Menschennatur, des Wesenskernes in einem jeden von uns selbst, der geistigen Welten und ihrer Hierarchien wird sie uns bringen. Und indem wir diese kennenlernen, werden wir die Bestimmung des Menschen kennenlernen. Das wahre Wesen der Menschennatur ist es, was uns beschäftigen soll. Wir werden Welten kennenlernen, die vorhanden sind, die aber mit unseren bloß physischen Sinnen nicht begriffen werden können. Mancher wird vielleicht sagen: Was du uns da erzählst, das ist ja alles recht schön, aber wir können doch nichts davon wissen. — Die Antwort auf diesen Einwand hat schon Fichte gegeben. Denken Sie sich, Sie kommen als einzig Schauender in eine Welt von Blindgeborenen, und Sie erzählen diesen von Farben, dann werden die auch sagen: Das ist ja alles dummes Zeug, was du da redest, das gibt es ja gar nicht. - Könnte man nun aber die Blindgeborenen mit Erfolg operieren, dann würden sie eben diese Welt der Farben und des Lichtes erfahren.
[ 35 ] Dasselbe gilt auch für den obigen Einwand. Wer einen solchen Einwand macht, der steht eben auf dem gleichen Standpunkt, welcher dem eines Blindgeborenen entspricht. Es sollte daher niemand sagen: Das gibt es nicht. Denn kein Mensch hat das Recht, von «Grenzen der Erkenntnis» zu reden, wie seinerzeit Du Bois-Reymond. Es gibt so viele Welten, als wir Organe haben, diese wahrzunehmen, unendlich viele Welten; wir können sie nur heute noch nicht wahrnehmen, weil wir noch keine Organe dafür haben. Die Welt ist nicht nur dem Raume nach, sondern auch intensiv unendlich: für jeden Sinn gibt es eine Welt. Jetzt sind sie für uns unergründlich, aber sie sind da; sind da, wo wir selber sind. Uns brauchen nur die Augen dafür geöffnet zu werden, denn sie sind mitten unter uns.
[ 36 ] Das Wort Christi: «Suchet nicht nach dem Reiche Gottes, denn das Reich Gottes ist mitten unter euch», ist ganz wörtlich zu verstehen. Ganz in diesem Sinne spricht auch die Geisteswissenschaft von den geistigen Welten. Und immer hat es Eingeweihte gegeben, welche die Mittel und Wege kannten, um in diese Reiche der Himmel einzutreten. Alle Religionen sprechen von ihnen. Die Geisteswissenschaft ist nur das Mittel, um uns diese Grundwahrheit aller Religionen wieder aufzuschließen. Alles, was wir hier um uns herum sehen und wahrnehmen, ist eine Folge und Wirkung desjenigen, was in den geistigen Welten vor sich geht. Alles, was sich auf Erden kundgibt, ist nur Ausgestaltung dessen, was in den geistigen Welten wirkt und lebt.
[ 37 ] Das offizielle Christentum hat längst verlernt, die Tiefen der religiösen Urkunden zu verstehen. So mußte die Geisteswissenschaft die Aufgabe übernehmen, den Schlüssel zu den vergessenen Wissensschätzen zu bringen und der Menschheit, die am Scheidewege steht, dadurch das Heilmittel zu reichen. Doch sie kennt keinen Fanatismus; sie erzählt nur, sie legt das Wesen des Menschen klar und zeigt, welches sein Schicksal ist nach dem Tode, zeigt, wie seine Seele sich außerhalb des physischen Körpers entwickelt. Sie schildert, was in den höheren Welten vorgeht, spricht von den Entwickelungsphasen der Erde und der andern Planeten, beleuchtet den bisherigen und den künftigen Lebensweg des Menschen. Sie weist hin auf das, was er durchzumachen haben wird, bis er das Menschenziel erreicht.
[ 38 ] Wir wollen das Wesen des Menschen und jener Welten zu erfassen suchen, denen er entstammt. Das ist das Gebiet der Erkenntnisse, zu denen uns die Geisteswissenschaft führt.
[ 39 ] Man könnte nun einwenden: Das ist ja alles doch nur für den sogenannten Seher da, der schon hineinschauen kann in die geistigen Welten. Was nützt uns das? Uns sind sie ja nicht zugänglich!
[ 40 ] Darauf kann man antworten: Wohl gibt es manche Methoden der Schulung, die nur für den Geistesforscher geeignet sind und einen solchen Einwand berechtigt erscheinen lassen. Doch der Weg der Rosenkreuzerschulung ist ein anderer. Zum Eindringen in die geistigen Welten gehört allerdings das Auge des Sehers und das Ohr des Eingeweihten, aber zum Begreifen gehört nur die gewöhnliche Logik. Alles, was der Geistesforscher sagt, ist dem logischen Verstande zugänglich; es genügt der gewöhnliche gesunde Menschensinn, um diese Dinge zu begreifen. Wer es nicht kann, dem fehlt es eben an Logik. Wohl braucht es das Auge des Geistesforschers zum Auffinden der geistigen Geheimnisse. Zum Begreifen des im Sinne des Rosenkreuzertums Geschilderten genügt die gewöhnliche Logik.
[ 41 ] Wer das nicht einsehen kann, darf sein Versagen nicht der Schulung zuschreiben. Sein mangelndes Begreifen liegt nicht an dem Umstand, daß er kein Seher ist, sondern ihm fehlt es an gesundem Auffassungsvermögen und an konsequentem Denken. Vielen ist die Logik allerdings unbekannt. So sagt zum Beispiel ein Musiker der jetzigen Zeit, das Nachdenken sei eine mißliche Sache. — Auch unsere Gelehrtenwelt denkt nur ein Stück weit. Wenn aber der Mensch seinen Verstand richtig anwendet, wird er dazu gelangen, auch die höheren Weisheiten und Wahrheiten zu begreifen und in sich lebendig zu machen. Und wenn Sie weiter fragen: Was nützt uns das nun? - so ist die Antwort: Nichts kann uns gegeben werden, das von größerer Bedeutung ist als die Erkenntnis der Geisteswissenschaft. Wir werden dadurch erst zu wahren Menschen, und werden dadurch auch in der Gegenwart ein zufriedenes Herz, eine zur Harmonie mit sich selbst kommende Seele erringen.
[ 42 ] Mit Redensarten kommt man bier nicht weit, man muß mit dem Ringen nach Erkenntnis Ernst machen und sich in die Nöte und Probleme des Lebens vertiefen. Unentwegt muß man von einem Bereich des geistigen Lebens in den andern zu dringen versuchen: dann quillt daraus hervor die Einsicht in das Ganze der Welt- und Menschheitsentwickelung. Und die überwältigende Größe dieses Geschehens ergreift nicht nur unser Herz, sie weckt in uns neue Fähigkeiten, sie macht uns geschickt für die Aufgaben des täglichen Lebens. Denn es quillt unmittelbare Kraft aus der Geisteswissenschaft, etwas, das zu einem unverlierbaren Gute wird und uns zu schöpferischen Menschen macht.
[ 43 ] Erst wenn Sie die geistige Welt kennenlernen, können Sie auch die materielle verstehen. Geisteswissenschaft ist nicht etwas für Sonderlinge, sondern gerade etwas für die Praktischsten unter den Praktikern.
[ 44 ] Alles Dasein ist Geist. So wahr wie Eis Wasser ist, so wahr ist auch die Materie Geist. Ob Mineral, ob Pflanze, ob Tier oder Mensch, sie sind Geist in verdichteter Form.
[ 45 ] In diesem Sinne werden wir durch die Rosenkreuzertheosophie zum Verständnis der geistigen Grundlagen der Welt geführt. Sie macht uns nicht zu Eigenbrötlern, sondern zu Freunden des Daseins, denn sie sieht nicht auf das Alltagsleben herab, entfremdet uns unseren irdischen Aufgaben nicht, sie verbindet uns mit ihnen. Sie spornt uns an zum werktätigen Schaffen, weil sie weiß, daß jede Handlung, wie auch jedes Wesen, ein Ausdruck des Geistes ist.
First Lecture
[ 1 ] The aim of these lectures is to provide an overview of what we are accustomed to calling Theosophy. This Theosophy must become a new cultural impulse in the broadest sense; it is something that humanity has longed for a long time and must provide answers to the burning question that humanity is asking from all sides. But in our time it is still often regarded not only as something to be refuted, but as something questionable, even as something crazy, like the dreams of a few fantastic minds.
[ 2 ] Of course, if you ask these visionaries themselves what they want with theosophy and what they expect from it, then the answer is quite comprehensive. Above all, what is today regarded as dreamy is seen by those who have recognized its lifeblood as something that will certainly have an enormous significance for human feeling, thinking, willing and doing in twenty to fifty years.
[ 3 ] There is nothing into which this Theosophy could not shine as an impulse and to which it would not be called to shine.
[ 4 ] It is well known that today there are the most diverse questions in our time: questions of health, social issues, women's issues, educational issues. And there is an even greater abundance of answers. But if you examine all these questions and their answers objectively, you come to the conclusion that the questions are indeed correctly posed by our contemporary culture – they are posed by the conditions of the times – but that the answers to these questions cannot be given by our time without further ado.
[ 5 ] It is clear to anyone who closes their eyes and ears to the questions of the time that obstacles will arise for them wherever they go. The time will come when people will realize that there are many more questions: the fact of the inner and outer war of humanity, of pain and suffering, of crushed hopes in all areas, raises these questions. Only Theosophy can provide the answer.
[6] People who hang their heads, who do their duty but do not know why they are doing all the work, and in whom this distracted mood develops into despair, even into their physical health, into the phenomena of neurasthenia, are becoming more and more numerous.
[ 7 ] All this is only to be hinted at here. The main idea should come to our mind: Theosophy is not something that should take place within a few idle minds that have nothing better to do, but it should intervene in practical life.
[8] Of course, the Theosophical Society, too, has had to go through its teething troubles and all sorts of things in the thirty years of its existence that have cast doubt on its significance; but it will work its way out of these difficulties and show what it is capable of achieving. Theosophy must become an all-encompassing, universal matter, because it should provide the answers to the questions that are ultimately the fundamental questions of all existence, and point out how today's man should understand these questions; understand why there are religions and sciences in the world at all. Whatever we do, it comes back to certain fundamental questions, if there is to be art, science and practical work, and these fundamental questions must be resolved in some way. All religions were attempts to provide answers to these questions, but an answer that was always adapted to the intellect and the cultural level of the peoples.
[ 9 ] Theosophy does not want to be a religion, it has nothing to do with a sect, it does not agitate.
[ 10 ] Religion, as you know, is as old as human endeavor. When we look at the different religions of different peoples, we come to the conclusion that all the different religions have tried to answer the questions: What is, first of all, the essence of man? Secondly, what is man's destiny? Thirdly, what extends beyond this physical existence?
[ 11 ] In relation to these questions, we modern people in particular have had a strange time, which has caused many people to lose their faith in religion. Let us ask ourselves: how many people are there today who need religion but cannot have it? Some of us can still look back to times when religion was a truly felt life, when religion had much more validity, yes, to a much greater extent than it is the case with individual particularly religiously inclined natures even today. In the latter, there is still something of the warm feeling that has gone through millennia. The need, the yearning for that which we call the spiritual world, that is, the yearning for religion, still exists today; indeed, in the truest natures this yearning for satisfaction has become ever greater. Such a person will say: When I was a child, I still had the right faith. But then it changed. I became acquainted with so-called science and its facts, and I had to, since these tell quite differently how the world was created, for example, deeply doubt what I had believed as a child! - And then came the other: a deeply sad mood of life, where the soul is as if torn apart, where the soul looks bleakly into the world and receives no enlightenment about the inner conflict. Hence the conflict between religious longing and the satisfaction of the soul, hence today's tragedy. But perhaps this is still the better thing that takes hold in these souls, better than the other: that man no longer questions at all, that questioning is completely abandoned, that he becomes superficial and merely lives in the everyday existence.
[ 12 ] Is it the fault of the religions that it has come to this? No! It is obvious that this is not the case; for every religion, even the old myths and legends, have the means and ways to lead the heart back, to bring every soul back to life if it only wants to. Who would have believed that such powerful impulses could arise from the old myths, which seemed to have been extinct for thousands of years and led an almost hidden, unknown existence, as in the dramas of Richard Wagner?
[ 13 ] There is no need to found a new religion, for the time for that has passed; but a new attitude of man towards it, a new understanding of it, has become necessary. What has changed is the human mind, the human soul, the human heart.
[ 14 ] If we try to visualize the process of development of the human soul, we shall be convinced in the course of these lectures that our souls have often been here on the physical plane, that they have only gradually developed to the stage at which they stand today. This may seem grotesque to you at first, but all our souls have often heard the profound truths as they are presented to us today in their previous lives.
[ 15 ] For example, you will learn about the doctrine of reincarnation here; but the way you are listening to me today is the way your souls listened to the Druids who lived and taught in our area. These ancient Druid teachers already cultivated the doctrine of reincarnation in narrow circles, this ancient wisdom about the riddles of life. They went out to those who felt in their souls the need for deeper knowledge. But if these old teachers had spoken then as I speak today, then their souls would not have been able to understand it at the time, because the mind had not yet developed to do so. At that time there was no logical thinking for the human mind. But what there was, was the possibility of grasping through images. And that is why these teachers expressed themselves in images, and these images are what you know today as legends and myths. If our souls had not heard these teachings then, we would not be able to understand it today if the truth were taught to us in a new form.
[ 16 ] Thus the soul makes tremendous progress over thousands of years, constantly taking on new forms, and therefore the truth must also be brought to it in ever new forms, proclaimed to it. I will give you a second example.
[ 17 ] Let us go back in the evolution of mankind to the Egyptians, Chaldeans and Babylonians. When these were the bearers of culture, they did not regard the sun and stars as purely physical bodies. When a materialistic astronomer looks at the heavenly bodies today, he sees only physical bodies in them, but nothing else. For him, the Earth is also just such a physical world body, on which people crawl around like mosquitoes on our hands.
[ 18 ] It was quite different for the ancient Egyptian astronomers. When the ancient Egyptian astrologer looked at a star, he did not think of a purely physical body, but the star meant something quite different to him than it does to today's man. When he spoke the name Mercury, for instance, he did so with reverence. He did not think of addressing the physical heavenly body at all, any more than you think of addressing a body made of papier-mâché. For that time, everything that the eye saw was only the external expression of a spiritual reality. So for the ancient astronomers, the physical star Mercury was the expression of the spirit of Mercury. You must not grasp this intellectually, but with the mind, otherwise you have no conception of the soul content of such an astronomer. There was nothing that was not the expression of a spiritual for him. He said: Everything is spirit, and I as spirit am a part of this spirit.
[ 19 ] You must keep this feeling in mind. The wise men of earlier times must be understood, what they knew about the processes of spiritual space must be understood. And anyone who delves into this feeling knows how infinitely superior this view is to our present materialistic view. We must first understand the sages of that time, we must fathom what they knew about the processes of spiritual space; only then do we realize how enormous the difference is and how infinitely meaningful those ancient wisdom teachings were. This may seem ridiculous to the materialistic mind of our time, which only knows the purely physical view of astronomy, but it is SO.
[20]
How is it that man has now lost his sense of the spiritual life that underlies all physical life? And why did it have to come to this?
[21]
Let us turn our gaze to what surrounds us at close quarters. If you could compare the things that surrounded people at that time with what surrounds people today, you would find that back then people had only the most basic means of making a living on this earth, but in return they had a greater sense of the spiritual. This sense for the spiritual world had to recede in order to give man the opportunity to gain his present mastery over the earth. All our progress in technology and industry was only possible because our world view became materialistic, and because the spiritual, the supersensible world, receded. Thus, in the course of the last few centuries, man gained mastery over the physical world at the expense of the spiritual. It is an eternal law of humanity that abilities acquired in one field can only be gained at the expense of abilities in another field. Man would never have been able to create today's means of transport, for example, if other abilities had not been neglected. In order to acquire everything that surrounds us today, the sense of the spiritual had to recede. In order to conquer the physical world, therefore, that which man was once imbued with had to recede.
[ 22 ] Thus we see around the sixteenth century people losing their connection with the spiritual world and materialism taking hold of humanity. And anyone who believes that he is not in the midst of this materialism is mistaken.
[ 23 ] The task of spiritual science is not to negate anything; it does not criticize today's bad world; rather, it shows that the descent into matter was a necessity. The broad horizon of humanity's spiritual life had to take a back seat for so long; and it is also connected with the fact that the old way of understanding spiritual things has been lost. The truths were there in those old, earlier formations. But how they can be made accessible to the understanding of people today is what spiritual science wants to show. That is what matters to it. Thus, Theosophy is nothing more than an instrument for making the deepest truths comprehensible to the human mind of today, for grasping them in their depths.
[ 24 ] Today, the mind must be pointed out again. We must not stop at saying how we have “come so gloriously far”. Truth is accessible at all times, and it can be grasped in different ways.
[ 25 ] If we turn our gaze back to ancient India, to Egypt, Greece, to the time of the founding of Christianity, we see that it is always the same old truths that appear in different forms. There have always been leaders of humanity who have taken precautions to ensure that at certain times the truths that had faded with the declining cultures were communicated to humanity anew. All the great religious founders belong to these leaders.
[ 26 ] Before our more recent era dawned, before Copernicus and that 16th century, precautions were also taken in Europe to lay the foundations for a new way of proclaiming the truth. Around this sixteenth century there were some people who understood how to interpret the signs of the time. As early as 1459, a higher spiritual individuality, known to very few people in the outer world as Christian Rosenkreutz, founded a secret school for the cultivation of wisdom, not a new wisdom, but the old wisdom in a form that people needed at that time. This is the wisdom of the Rosicrucians, which was cultivated first at that time. It is, as I said, nothing new; it is the ancient wisdom, but in the form in which present-day humanity needs it.
[ 27 ] How does this wisdom of the Rosicrucians relate to Christianity? There is no difference between the genuine Christian teaching and that of the Rosicrucians. One need only understand Christianity at its core to grasp the Rosicrucian theosophy. There is no need to found a new religion; rather, one must understand Christianity as the first Christians understood it. But very few people still know anything of the secrets of the first Christian development. Even official theology has no more knowledge of them. We find Paul himself as the deepest knower of the Christian secrets, who taught those mighty truths that were to guide humanity through the millennia. This Paul had founded a school in Athens, whose head was Dionysius the Areopagite. This Dionysius was a true disciple of Paul.
[ 28 ] Those teachings of Dionysius have always been alive and were always taught, especially to those who were to carry the living word of Christ out into all the world. If men had remained in that standpoint of Dionysius, no new form would have been needed. But the new era was dawning and with it the necessity to teach in such a way that Christianity would be established and that no science could object to it. This is the aim of Rosicrucian theosophy. Therefore, Rosicrucian theosophy is the form of religion that is appropriate for us today.
[ 29 ] Only he who understands Christianity aright can have any inkling of what its eternally living content is.
[ 30 ] If we were able to hear today from all sides what this Rosicrucian theosophy has to say about true Christianity, the scientific facts would not contradict the processes described there. What matters is that religion cannot be found to contradict scientific facts, and that these scientific facts are brought into harmony with it.
[ 31 ] What does this Rosicrucian theosophy have to offer us? Knowledge of higher worlds, that is, of those worlds to which man will still belong when our physical body has already disintegrated; knowledge of life, knowledge of the nature of death and of human evolution. Thus will they bring men to a reaffirmation of religious truths and religious life.
[ 32 ] Let no one say: I stand firmly on the ground of the old teachings, and these are enough for me. What do I care about the doubters! There is nothing more selfish and un-Christian than this judgment. For what may still be possible today, that a number of people may still be held back on the ground of the old religions, will no longer be possible in the not too distant future. He who is able to see into what the great social waves are about to stir up will not judge thus; he will see that the proclamation of 'Theosophy is not something to be fought over. Anyone who can think knows that spiritual science is there to answer the most burning questions, and that it can actually provide an answer to all questions. After all, you can prove and dispute anything, but that is not the point: you cannot dispute a remedy, it only depends on the success you have with it. And that is exactly how it is with spiritual science. Humanity needs spirituality as a remedy, and only when this remedy flows in can the recovery of humanity take place. It is a developmental factor and a life-giver for our culture.
[ 33 ] It is not done with external institutions; they are directed without exception only to the physical and bodily. The recovery of the soul and the spirit is what Theosophy strives for. Spiritual science is not arbitrary; it is demanded by the times and their problems. Everything it tells us is the common teaching of those who have researched in this field.
[ 34 ] Spiritual science will lead us into higher worlds, into which the physical eye cannot look, but where the causes of the effects in this physical world lie. It will bring us knowledge of the eternal in human nature, of the essence of each of us, of the spiritual worlds and their hierarchies. And by getting to know these, we will get to know the destiny of man. The true essence of human nature is what should occupy us. We will get to know worlds that exist but that cannot be grasped with our mere physical senses. Some might say: What you are telling us is all very nice, but we cannot know anything about it. Fichte has already given the answer to this objection. Imagine you are the only one who can see and you come into a world of the blind-born, and you tell them about colors, then they will also say: That is all nonsense, what you are talking about, that does not exist at all. But if one could operate the blind-born with success, then they would just experience this world of colors and light.
[ 35 ] The same applies to the above objection. Those who make such an objection are simply taking the same point of view as that of one who is born blind. Therefore, no one should say: “That does not exist.” For no man has the right to speak of “limits of knowledge,” as Du Bois-Reymond did in his time. There are as many worlds as we have organs to perceive them; infinitely many worlds; we just cannot perceive them today because we do not yet have organs for them. The world is not only infinite in space, but also in intensity: for every sense there is a world. Now they are unfathomable to us, but they are there; they are there where we ourselves are. We only need to open our eyes to them, for they are in the midst of us.
[ 36 ] The words of Christ: “Do not seek for the Kingdom of God, for the Kingdom of God is in the midst of you,” are to be understood quite literally. In this sense, spiritual science also speaks of the spiritual worlds. And there have always been initiates who knew the ways and means to enter these realms of heaven. All religions speak of them. Spiritual science is only the means to unlock this fundamental truth of all religions for us again. Everything we see and perceive around us here is a consequence and effect of what is going on in the spiritual worlds. Everything that manifests itself on earth is only the manifestation of what works and lives in the spiritual worlds.
[ 37 ] Official Christianity has long since forgotten how to understand the depths of religious documents. Thus spiritual science had to take on the task of providing the key to the forgotten treasures of knowledge and thereby offering the remedy to humanity, which is at a crossroads. But it knows no fanaticism; it merely recounts, it clarifies the nature of man and shows what his fate is after death, shows how his soul develops outside of the physical body. It describes what goes on in the higher worlds, speaks of the developmental phases of the earth and the other planets, and sheds light on the past and future path of human life. It points out what he will have to go through before he reaches the goal of humanity.
[ 38 ] We want to try to grasp the essence of man and of those worlds from which he comes. This is the realm of knowledge to which spiritual science leads us.
[ 39 ] One could now object: This is all only for the so-called seer, who can already see into the spiritual worlds. What use is that to us? They are not accessible to us!
[ 40 ] One can answer: There are indeed some methods of training that are suitable only for the spiritual researcher, and which make such an objection appear justified. But the path of the Rosicrucian training is different. To penetrate into the spiritual worlds, the eye of the seer and the ear of the initiate are indeed needed, but only ordinary logic is needed to understand. Everything the spiritual researcher says is accessible to the logical mind; ordinary common sense is enough to grasp these things. Those who cannot do so lack logic. The eye of the spiritual researcher is needed to discover the spiritual secrets. To understand what is described in terms of Rosicrucianism, ordinary logic is sufficient.
[ 41 ] Those who cannot see this must not blame their failure on the training. Their lack of understanding is not due to the fact that they are not seers, but rather that they lack a healthy grasp of the subject and do not think consistently. To many, however, logic is unknown. For example, a musician of the present day says that reflection is an awkward thing. Even our world of scholars only thinks a short way. But if man applies his intellect correctly, he will come to comprehend the higher wisdoms and truths as well, and bring them to life in himself. And if you ask further: What use is this to us? - the answer is: Nothing can be given to us that is of greater importance than the knowledge of spiritual science. Only through this do we become true human beings, and only through this do we also achieve a contented heart in the present, a soul that comes into harmony with itself.
[ 42 ] One does not get far with empty phrases; one must take the struggle for knowledge seriously and immerse oneself in the hardships and problems of life. One must constantly try to penetrate from one area of spiritual life to another: then insight into the whole of world and human development wells up from it. And the overwhelming grandeur of this event not only captures our hearts, it awakens new abilities in us, it makes us skillful for the tasks of daily life. For there is direct power in spiritual science, something that becomes an unfailing good and makes us creative people.
[ 43 ] Only when you get to know the spiritual world can you also understand the material world. Spiritual science is not for nerds, but for the most practical of practitioners.
[ 44 ] All existence is spirit. As true as ice is water, matter is spirit. Whether mineral, plant, animal or human, they are spirit in condensed form.
[ 45 ] In this sense, Rosicrucian theosophy leads us to an understanding of the spiritual foundations of the world. It does not turn us into misfits, but into friends of existence, because it does not look down on everyday life, does not alienate us from our earthly tasks, but connects us to them. It spurs us on to work, because it knows that every action, like every being, is an expression of the spirit.