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Answers Provided by Anthroposophy
Concerning the World and Life
GA 108

26 October 1908, Berlin

Translated by Hanna von Maltitz

7. Novalis

Some poetry will be recited now and a corresponding mood in profound sense can only be created because the largest part of the friends present here have lately been deeply concerned with material concerning the spiritual world in relation to the entire historical development of humankind. What will be presented here in this lecture will bring to our awareness how spiritual science or Theosophy is not only something merely announced to the world through the Theosophical Society but that Theosophy as a teaching is based on the greater occult truth and wisdom which has already flowed through ancient times through the best minds searching for the Higher Worlds. We can find personalities in olden and recent times who can in actual fact show that in their imagination, ideas, feelings and experience, in their life mood they were totally permeated with a world view we could call theosophical and from which they worked, and that their entire life's activity unfolded in harmony with this. One such extraordinary personality lived in Novalis during the last three decades of the eighteenth century.

Not even reaching thirty years of age was Novalis, and we hope that through the lecture of his “Hymns to the Night” an awareness will be able to develop, which speaks out of these Hymns—so complete, as it was only possible in the last three decades of the eighteenth century—in an all encompassing manner, the precise knowledge of these spiritual scientific truths.

Out of a highly respected aristocratic family, Friedrich von Hardenberg, called Novalis, was born on 2 May 1772. Whoever has the opportunity to visit Weimar must not hesitate to view the impressive Novalis bust. It belongs to the classic records of Weimar, and clearly expresses how closely the spiritual high culture was connected to this time, the end of the eighteenth century. Whoever views this extraordinary bust will, if he or she has any sensitivity for it, get the impression that, one could say, out of this sphere of humble humanity the physiognomy of his soul expresses that he was totally established in the occult, in the spiritual worlds. To add to this, Novalis is one of those personalities who is a living proof of the possibility to connect this spirituality, this self-elevation in the highest sense of human beings reaching the spiritual worlds, to connect this to a solid practical `standing on the ground' physical reality. Basically Novalis never entered an angry conflict with the still conservative traditions in which his family circle lived, but we can take into consideration, that this family always had an open receptivity for everything noble and good, also when coming into contact with unknown people.

When we study Novalis' biography—it is in itself a work of art—and we allow it to work on us, his father is shown as having a practical, applied nature. Novalis was actually in his civil life educated for a totally practical career, for which knowledge of law and mathematics was necessary. He became a mountain engineer. Here is not the place to explore how he actually became a delight in this career for those whom he worked. It is also not the moment now to show how the mathematical-materialistic sciences, which lay at the foundation of this career, not only in full theory and practice came to be controlled by him completely, but that he was a diligent mathematician. What is most important is that Novalis as a spiritual being allowed mathematics to penetrate into his inner development.

When mathematics showed him how it is suitable for the elevation of pure sense-free thought, then we have where relevant, to refer to a classic example as here with Novalis, where outer observation doesn't have a say. For him life in the mathematical imagination became a great poem which filled him with delights, allowing his soul to experience an elevation when he dived into numbers and sizes. For him mathematics became the expression of divine creation, divine thought as it flashes through space in powerful directions and in measures of power and crystallize out there. Mathematics became for his mindset the warmest way to the spiritual life, while for many people, who only know mathematics from outside, it remains cold. It is so much more meaningful that we meet this spirituality in Novalis in a gentleness and refinement, as we would not meet in one or other of the most important intellects.

Novalis was a contemporary of Goethe. One should not place the kind of spirituality within Novalis, on the same level as what Goethe had. Goethe came to it through a regulated, out of a Higher World directed course towards an initiation, up to a particular stage. Novalis, by contrast, lived a life which one can best describe by saying: This young man, who left the physical plane at the age of twenty nine and who gave the German intellectuals more than a hundred thousand others could give, he lived a life which was actually a memory of a previous one. Through a quite specific event the spiritual experiences of earlier incarnations appeared, presented themselves to his soul and flowed in gentle, rhythmically woven poems from his soul.

Thus we can see that Novalis understood how the human being's soul can be lifted up into a higher world. For Novalis it gave the possibility to see that waking everyday awareness is only a fragment in a current human life, and how the soul who in the evening leaves the daily awareness and sinks into unconsciousness, in actual fact sinks into the spiritual world. He was able to experience deeply and to know, that in these spiritual worlds which are entered by the soul at night, lived a higher spiritual reality, that the day with all its impressions, even the impression of sun and light, only formed a fragment of the entire spiritual worlds. The stars, surreptitiously sending away the light of day during the night, appeared to him only in a weak glow, while in him spiritual truths rose up in his consciousness, which for the clairvoyant appears illuminated in a dazzling bright astral light when during the night he shifts himself spiritually into this state. During the night the actual spiritual worlds appeared to Novalis and thus the night from this perspective became valuable.

What enabled his memories of an earlier incarnation to appear? How did it happen that the experiences of the occult world, which we can reveal today in occult knowledge, rose so uniquely in him? His life unloosened him from the soul in whose knowledge slumbered earlier incarnations. One must take the result, which these spiritual experiences lifted out of this soul, back into the light of a spiritual observation, if one wants to understand it. Only childlike folly could place these experiences on the same footing as Goethe's meeting and Friederikes zu Sesenheim. This would be a coarsely unrefined comparison.

During his stay in Grüningen he became acquainted with a thirteen year old girl. Soul secrets played here which one could never, without abandoning the gentleness of a soul, call this a love relationship. Basically there was in Sophie von Kühn—that was her name—something like the lives of various beings. She became ill and soon died. The moment her spirit loosened from Sophie von Kühn, it wrestled with Novalis' inner life, awakening inner spiritual abilities.

Perhaps you could, when you allow yourself to admit it, obviously see the inability of a way of thought bound by outer experience coming to the fore here in what we must experience in judging these relationships, which can only be understood if we want to understand it in its spirituality, in our present materialistic time. People say science must be based on documentation; it must absolutely lead from everything concrete on the physical plane. Such natural scientists, who surely present a distorted side, the farcical side of natural science, have allowed us to experience what they believe in, that by presenting documents, Novalis basically had fallen prey to an illusion. The poetry is nice—they say—but show us the documents, let us look at who Herr von Rockenthien was where Sophie von Kühn lived. Look at—so the “Novalis adherents” said—various letters Sophie von Kühn wrote to Novalis. Sopie von Kühn made not only in every line but nearly in every word, a writing or spelling error! - concluding Novalis had fallen victim to a big deception.

In Jena, where she spent the last years, she also encountered Goethe—and made a deep impression on Goethe! Whoever can't comprehend that these unique words of Goethe are more valuable than documents which can be dug up—because all documents can lie—whoever wants to come with proof to show something, will not consider producing counter evidence, it will not help him, despite all his science.

What was the result for Novalis? Sophie von Kühn passed away and Novalis lived within a mood of: “I will emulate her in death” (Ich sterbe ihr nach!). Nevermore was he separated from her soul. Pouring out of the deceased soul of Sophie von Kühn came a force which he had in his own soul experienced as a mediator in the night, and within him rose enormous experiences which he depicted in his poetry.

Once again another feminine individual crossed his path: Julie von Charpentier. To him however, she was only the earthly symbol of Sophie von Kühn's deceased soul. Dissolved out of his soul were the elements of wisdom which he poured into the “Hymns to the Night”, through this first soul bond.

Marie von Sivers reads the first two Hymns at this point.

I

Before all the wondrous shows of the widespread space around him, what living, sentient thing loves not the all-joyous light—with its colors, its rays and undulations, its gentle omnipresence in the form of the wakening Day? The giant-world of the unresting constellations inhales it as the innermost soul of life, and floats dancing in its blue flood—the sparkling, ever-tranquil stone, the thoughtful, imbibing plant, and the wild, burning multiform beast inhales it—but more than all, the lordly stranger with the sense-filled eyes, the swaying walk, and the sweetly closed, melodious lips. Like a king over earthly nature, it rouses every force to countless transformations, binds and unbinds innumerable alliances, hangs its heavenly form around every earthly substance.—Its presence alone reveals the marvelous splendor of the kingdoms of the world.

Aside I turn to the holy, unspeakable, mysterious Night. Afar lies the world—sunk in a deep grave—waste and lonely is its place. In the chords of the bosom blows a deep sadness. I am ready to sink away in drops of dew, and mingle with the ashes.—The distances of memory, the wishes of youth, the dreams of childhood, the brief joys and vain hopes of a whole long life, arise in gray garments, like an evening vapor after the sunset. In other regions the light has pitched its joyous tents. What if it should never return to its children, who wait for it with the faith of innocence?

What springs up all at once so sweetly boding in my heart, and stills the soft air of sadness? Dost thou also take a pleasure in us, dark Night? What holdest thou under thy mantle, that with hidden power affects my soul? Precious balm drips from thy hand out of its bundle of poppies. Thou upliftest the heavy-laden wings of the soul. Darkly and inexpressibly are we moved—joy-startled, I see a grave face that, tender and worshipful, inclines toward me, and, amid manifold entangled locks, reveals the youthful loveliness of the Mother. How poor and childish a thing seems to me now the Light—how joyous and welcome the departure of the day—because the Night turns away from thee thy servants, you now strew in the gulfs of space those flashing globes, to proclaim thy omnipotence—thy return—in seasons of thy absence. More heavenly than those glittering stars we hold the eternal eyes which the Night hath opened within us. Farther they see than the palest of those countless hosts—needing no aid from the light, they penetrate the depths of a loving soul—that fills a loftier region with bliss ineffable. Glory to the queen of the world, to the great prophet of the holier worlds, to the guardian of blissful love—she sends thee to me—thou tenderly beloved—the gracious sun of the Night,—now am I awake—for now am I thine and mine—thou hast made me know the Night—made of me a man—consume with spirit-fire my body, that I, turned to finer air, may mingle more closely with thee, and then our bridal night endure forever.

II

Must the morning always return? Will the despotism of the earthly never cease? Unholy activity consumes the angel-visit of the Night. Will the time never come when Love's hidden sacrifice shall burn eternally? To the Light a season was set; but everlasting and boundless is the dominion of the Night.—Endless is the duration of sleep. Holy Sleep—gladden not too seldom in this earthly day-labor, the devoted servant of the Night. Fools alone mistake thee, knowing nought of sleep but the shadow which, in the twilight of the real Night, thou pitifully castest over us. They feel thee not in the golden flood of the grapes—in the magic oil of the almond tree—and the brown juice of the poppy. They know not that it is thou who hauntest the bosom of the tender maiden, and makest a heaven of her lap—never suspect it is thou, opening the doors to Heaven, that steppest to meet them out of ancient stories, bearing the key to the dwellings of the blessed, silent messenger of secrets infinite.

So far does this poem transport us into the worlds in which Novalis lived as a spirit, when he experienced from within the everlasting elements of wisdom.

You might often have heard that such reaching into the higher worlds is linked to a penetration of other secrets of existence. Out of this, a backward glance into the prehistoric times is necessary, where that, which now lives in the world, only existed as a sprig in the Divine and had not yet come down into an earthly form. When the soul of the natural kingdoms still existed in pure spirit, only perceptible in the astral world, all this contributed to the impressive images unfolding to Novalis the seer, when he glanced back. He saw the time when the souls of plants, animals and people were still companions of divine beings, when an interruption in awareness had not yet happened as it did later to human beings in the exchange between night and day—while nothing was influenced by any interruption, as is expressed in the words: birth and death. Everything living flowed in the spiritual-soul where there was no sense of death in this prehistoric past.

Then the thought of death struck into the life of these gods and divine earthly beings, and down into the earthly world the spirits moved. The godly beings were concealed in earthly bodies, the godly beings were enchanted into the mineral, plant and animal realms. Those who were able to return to the spiritual worlds found the gods within all phenomena, they recognised the earlier gods as linked to the human beings before an earthly existence began. They learnt what the life of a soul was, learnt to recognise that the day with its impressions creates a weaker fragment out of the great world of the beings whose existence was endurance, eternity. They learnt to become disenchanted by the world of nature.

This happened to Novalis' soul when he united his eternity to Sophie's soul by emulating her in death. In this emulation his spirit flourished. He experienced “die to live” and in him rose what he called his “magical idealism”.

Now followed the recitation of the fourth hymn, from part 20, and the start of Hymn 5.

III

Once when I was shedding bitter tears, when, dissolved in pain, my hope was melting away, and I stood alone by the barren mound which in its narrow dark bosom hid the vanished form of my life—lonely as never yet was lonely man, driven by anxiety unspeakable—powerless, and no longer anything but a conscious misery.—As there I looked about me for help, unable to go on or to turn back, and clung to the fleeting, extinguished life with an endless longing:—then, out of the blue distances—from the hills of my ancient bliss, came a shiver of twilight—and at once snapt the bond of birth—the chains of the Light. Away fled the glory of the world, and with it my mourning—the sadness flowed together into a new, unfathomable world—Thou, Night-inspiration, heavenly Slumber, didst come upon me—the region gently upheaved itself; over it hovered my unbound, newborn spirit. The mound became a cloud of dust—and through the cloud I saw the glorified face of my beloved. In her eyes eternity reposed—I laid hold of her hands, and the tears became a sparkling bond that could not be broken. Into the distance swept by, like a tempest, thousands of years. On her neck I welcomed the new life with ecstatic tears. It was the first, the only dream—and just since then I have held fast an eternal, unchangeable faith in the heaven of the Night, and its Light, the Beloved.

IV

Now I know when will come the last morning—when the Light no more scares away Night and Love—when sleep shall be without waking, and but one continuous dream. I feel in me a celestial exhaustion. Long and weariful was my pilgrimage to the holy grave, and crushing was the cross. The crystal wave, which, imperceptible to the ordinary sense, springs in the dark bosom of the mound against whose foot breaks the flood of the world, he who has tasted it, he who has stood on the mountain frontier of the world, and looked across into the new land, into the abode of the Night—truly he turns not again into the tumult of the world, into the land where dwells the Light in ceaseless unrest.

On those heights he builds for himself tabernacles—tabernacles of peace, there longs and loves and gazes across, until the welcomest of all hours draws him down into the waters of the spring—afloat above remains what is earthly, and is swept back in storms, but what became holy by the touch of love, runs free through hidden ways to the region beyond, where, like fragrances, it mingles with love asleep.

Still wakest thou, cheerful Light, that weary man to his labor—and into me pourest joyous life—but thou wilest me not away from Memory's moss-grown monument. Gladly will I stir busy hands, everywhere behold where thou hast need of me—praise the lustre of thy splendor—pursue unwearied the lovely harmonies of thy skilled handicraft—gladly contemplate the clever pace of thy mighty, luminous clock—explore the balance of the forces and the laws of the wondrous play of countless worlds and their seasons. But true to the Night remains my secret heart, and to creative Love, her daughter. Canst thou show me a heart eternally true? has thy sun friendly eyes that know me? do thy stars lay hold of my longing hand? and return me the tender pressure and the caressing word? was it thou did adorn them with colors and a flickering outline—or was it she who gave to thy jewels a higher, a dearer weight? What delight, what pleasure offers thy life, to outweigh the transports of Death? Wears not everything that inspires us the color of the Night? She sustains thee mother-like, and to her thou owest all thy glory. Thou wouldst vanish into thyself—in boundless space thou wouldst dissolve, if she did not hold thee fast, if she swaddled thee not, so that thou grewest warm, and flaming, begot the universe. Truly I was, before thou wast—the mother sent me with my brothers and sisters to inhabit thy world, to hallow it with love that it might be an ever-present memorial—to plant it with flowers unfading. As yet they have not ripened, these thoughts divine—as yet is there small trace of our coming revelation—One day thy clock will point to the end of time, and then thou shalt be as one of us, and shalt, full of ardent longing, be extinguished and die. I feel in me the close of thy activity—heavenly freedom, and blessed return. With wild pangs I recognize thy distance from our home, thy resistance against the ancient, glorious heaven. Thy rage and thy raving are in vain. Unscorchable stands the cross—victory-banner of our breed.

Over I journey
And for each pain
A pleasant sting only
Shall one day remain.
Yet in a few moments
Then free am I,
And intoxicated
In Love's lap lie.
Life everlasting
Lifts, wave-like, at me,
I gaze from its summit
Down after thee.
Your lustre must vanish
Yon mound underneath—
A shadow will bring thee
Thy cooling wreath.
Oh draw at my heart, love,
Draw till I'm gone,
That, fallen asleep, I
Still may love on.
I feel the flow of
Death's youth-giving flood
To balsam and ether
Transform my blood—
I live all the daytime
In faith and in might
And in holy fire
I die every night.

In this way Novalis could glance back to a time in which gods moved among men, when everything took place spiritually because spirits and souls had not yet descended into earthly bodies. He perceived a point of transition: how death hit the world and how the human beings during this time placed death as their earthly shadowing and how he tried to brighten it up through fantasy and art. But death remained a riddle.

Then something of universal significance happened. Novalis could perceive the universal meaning of what had happened at that time on earth. Souls from the kingdoms of nature descended to the earth. Forgotten were the memories of their spiritual original existence, yet a unique spiritual Being remained in this universal womb of creation from which everything descended. One Being provisionally held back; it had held itself above and only provisionally sent its gift of grace downward, and then, when human beings needed it the most, it also descend into the earthly sphere. It remained in the spiritual spheres above the being of the spiritual light, this Being was hidden behind the physical sun. It held itself in heavenly spheres and descended when human beings needed to once again be able to rise up to spiritual worlds. It descended with the Mystery of Golgotha when Christ appeared in a physical body.

Humanity understands Christ in His universal unfolding when the life of Jesus of Nazareth is followed back to His spiritual origins, to the unsolvable riddle of death. The Greek spirit of death appears as a pondering muse, as an enigma which cannot be solved. Even the Greeks sensed that the riddle which is hidden in the youth's soul, found its solution with the Event of Golgotha, that here victory overcomes death and as a result a new impulse is given to humanity.

This Novalis could see and as a result there appeared to him, from the mystery of faith and the mystery wisdom, the Star which the old Magi had followed. As a result he understood the actual essence of what the Christ death implied. In the night of the soul the riddle of death revealed itself to him, the riddle of the Christ. This was it, which this extraordinary individual wanted to learn—through the memory of earlier lives—what the Christ, what the event of Golgotha signified for the world.

In closing Marie von Sivers (Marie Steiner) recited the ending of the fifth and the sixth Hymn.

V

In ancient times, over the widespread families of men an iron Fate ruled with dumb force. A gloomy oppression swathed their heavy souls—the earth was boundless—the abode of the gods and their home. From eternal ages stood its mysterious structure. Beyond the red hills of the morning, in the sacred bosom of the sea, dwelt the sun, the all-enkindling, living Light. An aged giant upbore the blissful world. Fast beneath mountains lay the first-born sons of mother Earth. Helpless in their destroying fury against the new, glorious race of gods, and their kindred, glad-hearted men. The ocean's dark green abyss was the lap of a goddess. In crystal grottos revelled a luxuriant folk. Rivers, trees, flowers, and beasts had human wits. Sweeter tasted the wine—poured out by Youth-abundance—a god in the grape-clusters—a loving, motherly goddess upgrew in the full golden sheaves—love's sacred inebriation was a sweet worship of the fairest of the god-ladies—Life rustled through the centuries like one spring-time, an ever-variegated festival of heaven-children and earth-dwellers. All races childlike adored the ethereal, thousand-fold flame as the one sublimest thing in the world. There was but one notion, a horrible dream-shape—

That fearsome to the merry tables strode,
A wrapt the spirit there in wild fright.
The gods themselves no counsel knew nor showed
To fill the anxious hearts with comfort light.
Mysterious was the monster's pathless road,
Whose rage no prayer nor tribute could requite;
'Twas Death who broke the banquet up with fears,
With anguish, dire pain, and bitter tears.

Eternally from all things here disparted
That sway the heart with pleasure's joyous flow,
Divided from the loved ones who've departed,
Tossed by longing vain, unceasing woe—
In a dull dream to struggle, faint and thwarted,
Seemed all was granted to the dead below.
Broke lay the merry wave of human bliss
On Death's inevitable, rocky cliff.

With daring spirit and a passion deep,
Did man ameliorate the horrid blight,
A gentle youth puts out his torch, to sleep—
The end, just like a harp's sigh, comes light.
Cool shadow-floods o'er melting memory creep,
So sang the song, into its sorry need.
Still undeciphered lay the endless Night—
The solemn symbol of a far-off might.

The old world began to decline. The pleasure-garden of the young race withered away—up into more open, desolate regions, forsaking his childhood, struggled the growing man. The gods vanished with their retinue—Nature stood alone and lifeless. Dry Number and rigid Measure bound it with iron chains. Into dust and air the priceless blossoms of life fell away in words obscure. Gone was wonder-working Faith, and its all-transforming, all-uniting angel-comrade, the Imagination. A cold north wind blew unkindly over the rigid plain, and the rigid wonderland first froze, then evaporated into ether. The far depths of heaven filled with glowing worlds. Into the deeper sanctuary, into the more exalted region of feeling, the soul of the world retired with all its earthly powers, there to rule until the dawn should break of universal Glory. No longer was the Light the abode of the gods, and the heavenly token of their presence—they drew over themselves the veil of the Night. The Night became the mighty womb of revelations—into it the gods went back—and fell asleep, to go abroad in new and more glorious shapes over the transfigured world. Among the people who too early were become of all the most scornful and insolently estranged from the blessed innocence of youth, appeared the New World with a face never seen before—in the poverty of a poetic shelter—a son of the first virgin and mother—the eternal fruit of mysterious embrace. The foreboding, rich-blossoming wisdom of the East at once recognized the beginning of the new age—A star showed the way to the humble cradle of the king. In the name of the distant future, they did him homage with lustre and fragrance, the highest wonders of Nature. In solitude the heavenly heart unfolded to a flower-chalice of almighty love—upturned toward the supreme face of the father, and resting on the bliss-foreboding bosom of the sweetly solemn mother. With deifying fervor the prophetic eye of the blooming child beheld the years to come, foresaw, untroubled over the earthly lot of his own days, the beloved offspring of his divine stem. Ere long the most childlike souls, by true love marvellously possessed, gathered about him. Like flowers sprang up a strange new life in his presence. Words inexhaustible and the most joyful tidings fell like sparks of a divine spirit from his friendly lips. From a far shore, born under the clear sky of Hellas, came a singer to Palestine, and gave up his whole heart to the wonder-child:

The youth thou art who ages long hast stood
Upon our graves, so deeply lost in thought;
A sign of comfort in the dusky gloom
For high humanity, a joyful start.
What dropped us all into abyssmal woe,
Pulls us forward with sweet yearning now.
In everlasting life death found its goal,
For thou art Death who at last makes us whole.

Filled with joy, the singer went on to Hindustan—his heart intoxicated with the sweetest love; and poured it out in fiery songs under the balmy sky, so that a thousand hearts bowed to him, and the good news sprang up with a thousand branches. Soon after the singer's departure, his precious life was made a sacrifice for the deep fall of man—He died in his youth, torn away from his beloved world, from his weeping mother, and his trembling friends. His lovely mouth emptied the dark cup of unspeakable woes—in ghastly fear the birth of the new world drew near. Hard he wrestled with the terrors of old Death—Heavy lay the weight of the old world upon him. Yet once more he looked fondly at his mother—then came the releasing hand of eternal love, and he fell asleep. Only a few days hung a deep veil over the roaring sea, over the quaking land—countless tears wept his loved ones—the mystery was unsealed—heavenly spirits heaved the ancient stone from the gloomy grave. Angels sat by the Sleeper—delicately shaped from his dreams—awoken in new Godlike glory; he clomb the limits of the new-born world—buried with his own hand the old corpse in the abandoned hollow, and with a hand almighty laid upon it a stone which no power shall ever again upheave.

Yet weep thy loved ones tears of joy, tears of feeling and endless thanksgiving over your grave—joyously startled, they see thee rise again, and themselves with thee—behold thee weep with sweet fervor on the blessed bosom of thy mother, solemnly walking with thy friends, uttering words plucked as from the Tree of Life; see thee hasten, full of longing, into thy father's arms, bearing with thee youthful humanity, and the inexhaustible cup of the golden future. Soon the mother hastened after thee—in heavenly triumph—she was the first with thee in the new home. Since then, long ages have flowed past, and in ever-increasing splendor have stirred your new creation—and thousands have, away from pangs and tortures, followed thee, filled with faith and longing and fidelity—walking about with thee and the heavenly virgin in the kingdom of love, serving in the temple of heavenly Death, and forever thine.

Uplifted is the stone—
And all mankind is risen—
We all remain thine own.
And vanished is our prison.
All troubles flee away
Thy golden bowl before,
For Earth and Life give way
At the last and final supper.

To the marriage Death doth call—
The virgins standeth back—
The lamps burn lustrous all—
Of oil there is no lack—
If the distance would only fill
With the sound of you walking alone
And that the stars would call
Us all with human tongues and tone.

Unto thee, O Mary
A thousand hearts aspire.
In this life of shadows
Thee only they desire.
In thee they hope for delivery
With visionary expectation—
If only thou, O holy being
Could clasp them to thy breast.

With bitter torment burning,
So many who are consumed
At last from this world turning
To thee have looked and fled,
Helpful thou hast appeared
To so many in pain.
Now to them we come,
To never go out again.

At no grave can weep
Any who love and pray.
The gift of Love they keep,
From none can it be taken away.
To soothe and quiet his longing,
Night comes and inspires—
Heaven's children round him thronging
Watch and guard his heart.

Have courage, for life is striding
To endless life along;
Stretched by inner fire,
Our sense becomes transfigured.
One day the stars above
Shall flow in golden wine,
We will enjoy it all,
And as stars we will shine.

The love is given freely,
And Separation is no more.
The whole life heaves and surges
Like a sea without a shore.
Just one night of bliss—
One everlasting poem—
And the sun we all share
Is the face of God.

VI. Longing for Death

Into the bosom of the earth,
Out of the Light's dominion,
Death's pains are but a bursting forth,
Sign of glad departure.
Swift in the narrow little boat,
Swift to the heavenly shore we float.

Blessed be the everlasting Night,
And blessed the endless slumber.
We are heated by the day too bright,
And withered up with care.
We're weary of a life abroad,
And we now want our Father's home.

What in this world should we all
Do with love and with faith?
That which is old is set aside,
And the new may perish also.
Alone he stands and sore downcast
Who loves with pious warmth the Past.

The Past where the light of the senses
In lofty flames did rise;
Where the Father's face and hand
All men did recognize;
And, with high sense, in simplicity
Many still fit the original pattern.

The Past wherein, still rich in bloom,
Man's strain did burgeon glorious,
And children, for the world to come,
Sought pain and death victorious,
And, through both life and pleasure spake,
Yet many a heart for love did break.

The Past, where to the flow of youth
God still showed himself,
And truly to an early death
Did commit his sweet life.
Fear and torture patiently he bore
So that he would be loved forever.

With anxious yearning now we see
That Past in darkness drenched,
With this world's water never we
Shall find our hot thirst quenched.
To our old home we have to go
That blessed time again to know.

What yet doth hinder our return
To loved ones long reposed?
Their grave limits our lives.
We are all sad and afraid.
We can search for nothing more—
The heart is full, the world is void.

Infinite and mysterious,
Thrills through us a sweet trembling—
As if from far there echoed thus
A sigh, our grief resembling.
Our loved ones yearn as well as we,
And sent to us this longing breeze.

Down to the sweet bride, and away
To the beloved Jesus.
Have courage, evening shades grow gray
To those who love and grieve.
A dream will dash our chains apart,
And lay us in the Father's lap.

7. Novalis Und Seine «Hymnen An Die Nacht»

Es wird jetzt eine Dichtung vorgetragen werden, für die eigentlich im tieferen Sinne eine entsprechende Stimmung nur dadurch vorhanden sein kann, daß der größte Teil der anwesenden Freunde sich in den letzten Zeiten mit der Materie der spirituellen Welt im Zusammenhange mit der ganzen geschichtlichen Entwickelung der Menschheit eingehend befaßt hat. Was hier zum Vortrag gebracht wird, bringt uns so recht zum Bewußtsein, wie Geisteswissenschaft oder Theosophie nicht etwa bloß durch die Theosophische Gesellschaft in der Welt verkündet wird, sondern daß Theosophie als Lehre, die sich begründet auf die großen okkulten Wahrheiten und Weistümer, etwas ist, was schon in alten Zeiten durch die besten Geister geflossen ist, die nach einer höheren Welt gesucht haben. Und wir können im Grunde genommen in alter und neuer Zeit so manche Persönlichkeiten finden, die uns tatsächlich zeigen, daß sie in ihren Vorstellungen, Ideen, Gefühlen und Empfindungen und in ihren Lebensgesinnungen ganz durchdrungen waren von einer Weltanschauung und aus ihr heraus wirkten, die wir eine theosophische nennen können, und daß sie im Einklang damit ihre ganze Lebenstätigkeit entfalteten. Eine solche ganz eigenartige Persönlichkeit lebte in Novalis während der letzten drei Jahrzehnte des 18. Jahrhunderts.

Nicht dreißig Jahre alt geworden ist Novalis, und es ist zu hoffen, daß durch den Vortrag seiner «Hymnen an die Nacht» das Bewußtsein sich entwickeln wird, daß aus diesen Hymnen heraus spricht so vollkommen, als es in den letzten drei Jahrzehnten des 18. Jahrhunderts nur möglich war - im umfassendsten Sinne gerade die Erkenntnis dieser geisteswissenschaftlichen Wahrheiten.

Aus einem der angesehensten adligen Geschlechter ist der mit seinem Profannamen Friedrich von Hardenberg genannte Novalis geboren am 2. Mai 1772. Wer Gelegenheit hat, Weimar zu besuchen, sollte nicht versäumen, die einen tiefen Eindruck machende NovalisBüste sich anzusehen. Sie gehört zu den Dokumenten des klassischen Weimar, aus denen es deutlich spricht, wieviel spirituelle Hochkultur mit dieser Zeit, mit dem Ende des 18. Jahrhunderts verbunden war. Wer sich diese eigenartige Büste ansieht, der wird, wenn er überhaupt dafür eine Empfindung hat, sogar den Eindruck bekommen, daß aus dieser, man möchte sagen, über die Sphäre niederer Menschlichkeit hinausgehenden Physiognomie sich eine Seele ausdrückt, die ganz gegründet war im Okkulten, in den spirituellen Welten. Und dabei ist Novalis eine derjenigen Persönlichkeiten, die ein lebendiger Beweis dafür sind, wie diese Spiritualität, dieses SichErheben in die höchsten für den Menschen erreichbaren geistigen Welten, vereinbar ist mit einem festen praktischen Stehen auf dem Boden der physischen Wirklichkeit. Im Grunde genommen ist Novalis niemals in argen Konflikt gekommen mit den doch ganz konservativen Traditionen, in deren Kreisen seine Familie lebte, wobei namentlich zu berücksichtigen ist, daß in dieser Familie immer eine freie Empfänglichkeit für alles Edle und Gute vorhanden war, auch wenn es als ein zunächst Unbekanntes den Leuten entgegentreten mochte.

Wenn wir die Biographie von Novalis studieren - sie ist selbst ein Kunstwerk - und sie auf uns wirken lassen, so erscheint uns der Vater als eine dem Praktischen zugewendete Natur. Novalis wurde eigentlich dem bürgerlichen Leben nach für einen ganz praktischen Beruf ausgebildet, für den notwendig war die Kenntnis der Jurisprudenz und der Mathematik. Er wurde Bergingenieur. Es ist hier nicht der Ort, auszuführen, wie er gerade in diesem Berufe ein Entzücken war für die, bei denen er praktizierte. Es ist hier auch nicht die Zeit, zu zeigen, wie die mathematisch-physikalischen Wissenschaften, welche die Grundlagen zu diesem Berufe bildeten, nicht nur in aller Theorie und Praxis völlig von ihm beherrscht wurden, sondern wie er vor allem ein tüchtiger Mathematiker war. Vor allem wichtig ist es, was Novalis als spirituelle Wesenheit von der Mathematik an der inneren Gliederung seines Wesens erzielte.

Wenn Mathematik im einzelnen zeigt, wie sie geeignet macht zu einem Erheben in ein reines sinnlichkeitsfreies Denken, so haben wir, wenn es sich darum handelt, auf ein Musterbeispiel hinzuweisen, ein solches hier bei Novalis, wo die äußere Beobachtung nicht mitspricht. Ihm wurde das Leben in den Vorstellungen der Mathematik zu einem großen Gedicht, das ihn mit Entzücken erfüllte, so daß seine Seele sich erhöht empfand, wenn er sich vertiefte in die Zahlen und Größen. Sie wurde für ihn der Ausdruck des göttlichen Schaffens, des göttlichen Gedankens, wie er in den Kraftrichtungen und Kraftmaßen in den Raum hineinblitzt und sich da kristallisiert. Mathematik wurde für sein Gemüt der Weg zu dem Wärmsten, der Weg zum spirituellen Leben, während sie für die vielen Menschen, welche sie nur von außen kennen, immer etwas Kaltes bleibt. Das ist um so bedeutsamer, als uns bei Novalis diese Spiritualiät in einer Zartheit und Feinheit entgegentritt wie kaum bei irgendeinem anderen der bedeutendsten Geister.

Novalis war ein Zeitgenosse von Goethe. Man darf aber das, was Novalis an Spirituellem in sich hatte, nicht auf gleiche Stufe stellen mit dem, was Goethe davon hatte. Goethe hatte es durch einen regelrechten, aus den höheren Welten geleiteten Gang einer Initiation bis zu einer bestimmten Stufe hin. Novalis dagegen lebte ein Leben, das man am besten bezeichnen kann, indem man sagt: Dieser junge Mann, der mit neunundzwanzig Jahren den physischen Plan verlassen hat und der dem deutschen Geiste mehr gegeben hat als hundert und tausend andere, er hat ein Leben gelebt, das eigentlich die Erinnerung war an ein vorhergehendes. Durch ein ganz bestimmtes Ereignis wurden die spirituellen Erlebnisse früherer Inkarnationen herausgetrieben, stellten sich vor die Seele hin und flossen in zarten, rhythmisch wogenden Gedichten aus dieser Seele heraus.

So können wir sehen, daß Novalis es verstanden hat, wie der Mensch mit seiner Seele in eine höhere Welt hineingehoben werden kann. Für Novalis gab es die Möglichkeit, zu sehen, wie das wache Tagesleben mit seinem alltäglichen Bewußtsein nur ein Ausschnitt ist im gegenwärtigen Menschheitsleben, und wie jede Seele, die des Abends für die äußere Tageswahrnehmung untertaucht in Unbewußtheit, in Wahrheit untertaucht in die spirituelle Welt. Er war fähig, tief zu empfinden, zu wissen, daß in jenen spirituellen Welten, in welche die Seele des Nachts untertaucht, die höhere spirituelle Realität ist, daß der Tag mit allen Eindrücken, selbst mit den Eindrücken von Sonne und Licht, nur ein Ausschnitt der ganzen spirituellen Wirklichkeit ist. Und die Sterne, die das Licht des Tages wie verstohlen herniedersenden während der Nacht, erschienen ihm nur wie ein schwaches Leuchten, während ihm die Wahrheit gerade des Spirituellen aufging in dem Bewußtsein, das dem Seher aufleuchtet in dem blendenden, hellen astralischen Licht, wenn er in die Nacht hinein sich im Geiste zu versetzen in der Lage ist. So gehen denn die Welten der Nacht, die wahren spirituellen Welten vor Novalis auf, und so wird ihm die Nacht unter diesem Gesichtspunkte wertvoll.

Wodurch kam es, daß eine solche Erinnerung an frühere Inkarnationen bei ihm herauskam? Wodurch kam es, daß die Erlebnisse der okkulten Welt, die wir heute in der okkulten Erkenntnis darstellen können, bei ihm so einzigartig auftauchen konnten? Ihm hatte das Leben losgebunden von der Seele die in ihr schlummernden Weistümer früherer Inkarnationen. Man muß das Ereignis, daß diese spirituellen Erlebnisse herausgeholt hatte aus dieser Seele, selbst in das Licht einer spirituellen Betrachtung rücken, wenn man es verstehen will. Nur kindlicher Unverstand könnte dieses Ereignis in eine Linie stellen mit der Begegnung Goethes und Friederikes zu Sesenheim. Recht grobklotzig nimmt sich ein solcher Vergleich aus.

Während seines Aufenthaltes in Grüningen lernte er ein dreizehnjähriges Mädchen kennen. Und Geheimnisse der Seele spielen sich ab, die man niemals, ohne die Zartheit der Seele zu verletzen, ein Liebesverhältnis nennen darf. Im Grunde genommen haben wir in Sophie von Kühn - so hieß dieses Mädchen - etwas wie ein aus dem Leben verscheidendes Wesen. Sie wurde ja sehr bald krank und starb auch bald darauf. Indem sich der Geist losrang in Sophie von Kühn, ringen sich los in Novalis’ eigenem Innenleben die inneren spirituellen Fähigkeiten.

Vielleicht könnte Ihnen, wenn man sich überhaupt darauf einläßt, in keinem anderen Falle die Unfähigkeit einer an die äußere Erfahrung gebundenen Denkweise so sehr vor Augen treten als bei dem, was wir erleben mußten an der Beurteilung dieses Verhältnisses, das nur erkannt werden kann, wenn man es ganz in seiner Spiritualität zu erkennen vermag, durch unsere heutige materielle Zeit. Leute, die sagen, die Wissenschaft müsse sich auf die Dokumente stützen, sie müsse das positiv auf dem physischen Plan Erfaßbare vor allem ins Feld führen, solche Naturwissenschafter, welche die recht verzerrte Seite, die zur Farce gewordene Seite der Naturwissenschaft darstellen, haben es uns erleben lassen, daß sie glaubten, aus den Dokumenten darlegen zu können, daß im Grunde Novalis in Grüningen einer Illusion anheimgefallen sei. Schön wäre die Poesie - so sagen sie -, aber schauen wir uns die Dokumente an, schauen wir uns an, was der Herr von Rockenthien war, bei dem Sophie von Kühn lebte! - Und schauen wir uns - so sagt einer der «Novaliskenner» - einige Briefchen an, die Sophie von Kühn an Novalis geschrieben hat. Sophie von Kühn machte nicht nur in jeder Zeile, sondern fast in jedem Wort einen orthographischen Fehler! Und Novalis wäre einer großen Täuschung zum Opfer gefallen.

In Jena, wo sie im letzten Jahre untergebracht war, sah sie auch Goethe - und einen tiefen Eindruck machte sie auf Goethe! Wer nicht begreifen kann, daß diese einzigartigen Worte Goethes darüber mehr wert sind als alle Dokumente, die man aufstöbern kann da alle Dokumente lügen können -, wer, wenn er mit einem Beweis etwas zeigen will, nicht daran denkt, auch den Gegenbeweis zu erbringen, dem ist nicht zu helfen trotz all seiner Wissenschaft.

Was war dieses Ereignis für Novalis? Sophie von Kühn starb, und Novalis lebte sich etwa in die Stimmung ein: Ich sterbe ihr nach! Niemals war er von da an in seiner Seele getrennt von ihr. Ausgegossen war aus der Seele der verstorbenen Sophie von Kühn die Kraft, die ihm in der eigenen Seele die Erfahrung der Nacht vermittelte, und auf gingen ihm die großen Erlebnisse, wie er sie in seinen Dichtungen dargestellt hat.

Noch einmal kreuzte ein weibliches Wesen seinen Weg: Julie von Charpentier. Sie aber war ihm nur das irdische Symbolum für die Seele der verstorbenen Sophie von Kühn. Losgelöst waren aus seiner Seele die Weistümer, die er in die «Hymnen an die Nacht» hineingegossen hat, nur durch diesen ersten Seelenbund.

Hier trug Marie von Sivers (Marie Steiner) die erste und die zweite Hymne vor.

I

Welcher Lebendige, Sinnbegabte, liebt nicht vor allen Wundererscheinungen des verbreiteten Raums um ihn, das allerfreuliche Licht -- mit seinen Farben, seinen Strahlen und Wogen; seiner milden Allgegenwart, als weckender Tag. Wie des Lebens innerste Seele atmet es der rastlosen Gestirne Riesenwelt, und schwimmt tanzend in seiner blauen Flut -- atmet es der funkelnde, ewigruhende Stein, die sinnige, saugende Pflanze, und das wilde, brennende, vielgestaltete Tier -vor allen aber der herrliche Fremdling mit den sinnvollen Augen, dem schwebenden Gange, und den zartgeschlossenen, tonreichen Lippen. Wie ein König der irdischen Natur ruft es jede Kraft zu zahllosen Verwandlungen, knüpft und löst unendliche Bündnisse, hängt sein himmlisches Bild jedem irdischen Wesen um. -- Seine Gegenwart allein offenbart die Wunderherrlichkeit der Reiche der Welt.

Abwärts wend' ich mich zu der heiligen, unaussprechlichen, geheimnisvollen Nacht. Fernab liegt die Welt -- in eine tiefe Gruft versenkt -- wüst und einsam ist ihre Stelle. In den Saiten der Brust weht tiefe Wehmut. In Tautropfen will ich hinuntersinken und mit der Asche mich vermischen. -- Fernen der Erinnerung, Wünsche der Jugend, der Kindheit Träume, des ganzen langen Lebens kurze Freuden und vergebliche Hoffnungen kommen in grauen Kleidern, wie Abendnebel nach der Sonne Untergang. In andern Räumen schlug die lustigen Gezelte das Licht auf. Sollte es nie zu seinen Kindern wiederkommen, die mit der Unschuld Glauben seiner harren?

Was quillt auf einmal so ahndungsvoll unterm Herzen, und verschluckt der Wehmut weiche Luft? Hast auch du ein Gefallen an uns, dunkle Nacht? Was hältst du unter deinem Mantel, das mir unsichtbar kräftig an die Seele geht? Köstlicher Balsam träuft aus deiner Hand, aus dem Bündel Mohn. Die schweren Flügel des Gemüts hebst du empor. Dunkel und unaussprechlich fühlen wir uns bewegt -- ein ernstes Antlitz seh' ich froh erschrocken, das sanft und andachtsvoll sich zu mir neigt, und unter unendlich verschlungenen Locken der Mutter liebe Jugend zeigt. Wie arm und kindisch dünkt mir das Licht nun -- wie erfreulich und gesegnet des Tages Abschied -- Also nur darum, weil die Nacht dir abwendig macht die Dienenden, säetest du in des Raumes Weiten die leuchtenden Kugeln, zu verkünden deine Allmacht -- deine Wiederkehr -- in den Zeiten deiner Entfernung. Himmlischer, als jene blitzenden Sterne, dünken uns die unendlichen Augen, die die Nacht in uns geöffnet. Weiter sehn sie, als die blässesten jener zahllosen Heere -- unbedürftig des Lichts durchschaun sie die Tiefen eines liebenden Gemüts -- was einen höhern Raum mit unsäglicher Wollust füllt. Preis der Weltkönigin, der hohen Verkündigerin heiliger Welten, der Pflegerin seliger Liebe -- sie sendet mir dich -- zarte Geliebte -- liebliche Sonne der Nacht, -- nun wach' ich -- denn ich bin Dein und Mein -- du hast die Nacht mir zum Leben verkündet -- mich zum Menschen gemacht -- zehre mit Geisterglut meinen Leib, daß ich lustig mit dir inniger mich mische und dann ewig die Brautnacht währt.

II

Muß immer der Morgen wiederkommen? Endet nie des Irdischen Gewalt? unselige Geschäftigkeit verzehrt den himmlischen Anflug der Nacht. Wird nie der Liebe geheimes Opfer ewig brennen? Zugemessen ward dem Lichte seine Zeit; aber zeitlos und raumlos ist der Nacht Herrschaft. -- Ewig ist die Dauer des Schlafs. Heiliger Schlaf -- beglücke zu selten nicht der Nacht Geweihte in diesem irdischen Tagewerk. Nur die Toren verkennen dich und wissen von keinem Schlafe, als dem Schatten, den du in jener Dämmerung der wahrhaften Nacht mitleidig auf uns wirfst. Sie fühlen dich nicht in der goldnen Flut der Trauben -- in des Mandelbaums Wunderöl, und dem braunen Safte des Mohns. Sie wissen nicht, daß du es bist, der des zarten Mädchens Busen umschwebt und zum Himmel den Schoß macht -ahnden nicht, daß aus alten Geschichten du himmelöffnend entgegentrittst und den Schlüssel trägst zu den Wohnungen der Seligen, unendlicher Geheimnisse schweigender Bote.

So weit führt uns das Gedicht ein in die Welten, in denen als ein Geist Novalis lebte, wenn er innerhalb seiner Erfahrung der ewigen Weistümer war.

Sie werden schon öfter gehört haben, daß solches Aufsteigen in die höheren Welten verknüpft ist mit einem Eindringen in noch andere Geheimnisse des Daseins. Daher mußte auch sein Blick zurückschweifen in die Zeiten urferner Vergangenheit, wo das, was jetzt in der Welt lebt, noch im Schoße der Gottheit war und noch nicht heruntergestiegen war in den irdischen Leib. Als die Seelen der Naturreiche noch in der reinen Geistigkeit lebten, die nur in der astralischen Welt zu erreichen war, da trug sich zu, was sich in gewaltigen Bildern Novalis dem Seher enthüllte, als er den Blick rückwärts wandte. Er sah die Zeit, wo die Seelen der Pflanzen, der Tiere und der Menschen noch Genossen von göttlichen Wesenheiten waren, als jene Unterbrechung des Bewußtseins noch nicht eingetreten war, die für den Menschen auftaucht in dem Wechsel zwischen Nacht und Tag - und als noch nichts vorhanden war von jener Unterbrechung, die sich ausdrückt in den Worten Geburt und Tod. Alles Leben floß im Geistig-Seelischen dahin, und die Worte Geburt und Tod hatten noch keinen Sinn für das Walten in der urfernen Vergangenheit.

Da schlug ein in dieses Leben der Götter und göttlichen Erdenwesen der Gedanke des Todes, und herunter in die irdische Welt ging die geistige. Verborgen wurden die Götterwesen in irdische Leiber, verzaubert wurden die Götterwesen in die Reiche der Mineralien, Pflanzen, Tiere. Aber wer fähig wird, wiederum zur spirituellen Welt zurückzugehen, der findet die Götter in allen Erscheinungen; der lernt erkennen, daß die Götter vorher verbunden waren mit den Menschen, bevor irdisches Leben da war. Und er lernt, was das Leben der Seele ist, er lernt erkennen, daß der Tag mit seinen Eindrücken ein schwacher Ausschnitt ist aus der großen Welt, deren Wesentliches die Dauer, die Ewigkeit ist. Und er lernt entzaubern, was in den Reichen der Natur schwebt.

Das trat in Novalis’ Seele ein, als er in seinem Ewigen mit der Seele seiner Sophie verbunden war - und ihr nachstarb. Und in diesem Nachsterben wurde der Geist lebendig. Da hatte er dieses «Stirb und Werde» erlebt, und da ging ihm auf, was er nennt seinen «magischen Idealismus».

Es folgte die Rezitation der vierten Hymne, ab Zeile 20, und des Anfangs der fünften Hymne.

III

Einst da ich bittre Tränen vergoß, da in Schmerz aufgelöst meine Hoffnung zerrann, und ich einsam stand am dürren Hügel, der in engen, dunkeln Raum die Gestalt meines Lebens barg -- einsam, wie noch kein Einsamer war, von unsäglicher Angst getrieben -- kraftlos, nur ein Gedanken des Elends noch. -- Wie ich da nach Hilfe umherschaute, vorwärts nicht konnte und rückwärts nicht, und am fliehenden, verlöschten Leben mit unendlicher Sehnsucht hing: -- da kam aus blauen Fernen -- von den Höhen meiner alten Seligkeit ein Dämmerungsschauer -und mit einem Male riß das Band der Geburt -- des Lichtes Fessel. Hin floh die irdische Herrlichkeit und meine Trauer mit ihr -- zusammen floß die Wehmut in eine neue, unergründliche Welt -- du Nachtbegeisterung, Schlummer des Himmels kamst über mich -- die Gegend hob sich sacht empor; über der Gegend schwebte mein entbundner, neugeborner Geist. Zur Staubwolke wurde der Hügel -- durch die Wolke sah ich die verklärten Züge der Geliebten. In ihren Augen ruhte die Ewigkeit -- ich faßte ihre Hände, und die Tränen wurden ein funkelndes, unzerreißliches Band. Jahrtausende zogen abwärts in die Ferne, wie Ungewitter. An ihrem Halse weint' ich dem neuen Leben entzückende Tränen. -- Es war der erste, einzige Traum -- und erst seitdem fühl' ich ewigen, unwandelbaren Glauben an den Himmel der Nacht und sein Licht, die Geliebte.

IV

Nun weiß ich, wenn der letzte Morgen sein wird -- wenn das Licht nicht mehr die Nacht und die Liebe scheucht -- wenn der Schlummer ewig und nur ein unerschöpflicher Traum sein wird. Himmlische Müdigkeit fühl' ich in mir. -- Weit und ermüdend ward mir die Wallfahrt zum Heiligen Grabe, drückend das Kreuz. Die kristallene Woge, die gemeinen Sinnen unvernehmlich, in des Hügels dunkeln Schoß quillt, an dessen Fuß die irdische Flut bricht, wer sie gekostet, wer oben stand auf dem Grenzgebirge der Welt, und hinübersah in das neue Land, in der Nacht Wohnsitz -- wahrlich der kehrt nicht in das Treiben der Welt zurück, in das Land, wo das Licht in ewiger Unruh' hauset.

Oben baut er sich Hütten, Hütten des Friedens, sehnt sich und liebt, schaut hinüber, bis die vollkommenste aller Stunden hinunter ihn in den Brunnen der Quelle zieht -- das Irdische schwimmt obenauf, wird von Stürmen zurückgeführt, aber was heilig durch der Liebe Berührung ward, rinnt aufgelöst in verborgenen Gängen auf das jenseitige Gebiet, wo es, wie Düfte, sich mit entschlummerten Lieben mischt. Noch weckst du, muntres Licht, den Müden zur Arbeit -- flößest fröhliches Leben mir ein -- aber du lockst mich von der Erinnerung moosigem Denkmal nicht. Gern will ich die fleißigen Hände rühren, überall umschaun, wo du mich brauchst -- rühmen deines Glanzes volle Pracht -- unverdrossen verfolgen deines künstlichen Werks schönen Zusammenhang -- gern betrachten deiner gewaltigen, leuchtenden Uhr sinnvollen Gang -- ergründen der Kräfte Ebenmaß und die Regeln des Wunderspiels unzähliger Räume und ihrer Zeiten. Aber getreu der Nacht bleibt mein geheimes Herz, und der schaffenden Liebe, ihrer Tochter. Kannst du mir zeigen ein ewig treues Herz? hat deine Sonne freundliche Augen, die mich erkennen? fassen deine Sterne meine verlangende Hand? geben mir wieder den zärtlichen Druck und das kosende Wort? hast du mit Farben und leichtem Umriß sie geziert -oder war _sie_ es, die deinem Schmuck höhere, liebere Bedeutung gab? Welche Wollust, welchen Genuß bietet dein Leben, die aufwögen des Todes Entzückungen? Trägt nicht alles, was uns begeistert, die Farbe der Nacht? Sie trägt dich mütterlich, und ihr verdankst du all deine Herrlichkeit. Du verflögst in dir selbst -- in endlosen Raum zergingst du, wenn sie dich nicht hielte, dich nicht bände, daß du warm würdest und flammend die Welt zeugtest. Wahrlich ich war, eh' du warst -- die Mutter schickte mit meinen Geschwistern mich, zu bewohnen deine Welt, sie zu heiligen mit Liebe, daß sie ein ewig angeschautes Denkmal werde -- zu bepflanzen sie mit unverwelklichen Blumen. Noch reiften sie nicht, diese göttlichen Gedanken -- Noch sind der Spuren unserer Offenbarung wenig -- Einst zeigt deine Uhr das Ende der Zeit, wenn du wirst wie unsereiner, und voll Sehnsucht und Inbrunst auslöschest und stirbst. In mir fühl' ich deiner Geschäftigkeit Ende -- himmlische Freiheit, selige Rückkehr. In wilden Schmerzen erkenn' ich deine Entfernung von unsrer Heimat, deinen Widerstand gegen den alten, herrlichen Himmel. Deine Wut und dein Toben ist vergebens. Unverbrennlich steht das Kreuz -- eine Siegesfahne unsers Geschlechts.

Hinüber wall' ich,
Und jede Pein
Wird einst ein Stachel
Der Wollust sein.
Noch wenig Zeiten,
So bin ich los,
Und liege trunken
Der Lieb' im Schoß.
Unendliches Leben
Wogt mächtig in mir,
Ich schaue von oben
Herunter nach dir.
An jenem Hügel
Verlischt dein Glanz --
Ein Schatten bringet
Den kühlenden Kranz.
O! sauge, Geliebter,
Gewaltig mich an,
Daß ich entschlummern
Und lieben kann.
Ich fühle des Todes
Verjüngende Flut,
Zu Balsam und Äther
Verwandelt mein Blut --
Ich lebe bei Tage
Voll Glauben und Mut
Und sterbe die Nächte
In heiliger Glut.

So konnte Novalis hineinschauen in die Zeiten, in denen die Götter unter den Menschen waren, als alles geistig sich abspielte, als noch nicht die Geister und Seelen heruntergestiegen waren in irdische Leiber. So konnte er sehen den Übergang: wie der Tod einschlug in die Welt, und wie der Mensch in jenen Zeiten den Tod darstellte in seiner irdischen Abschattung und wie er ihn durch Phantasie, durch Kunst zu verschönen suchte. Aber Rätsel blieb der Tod.

Da trat etwas ein von universeller Bedeutung. Und Novalis konnte schauen die universelle Bedeutung dessen, was damals in der Welt geschah. Heruntergestiegen waren die Seelen der Reiche der Natur in die Welt. Vergessen war die Erinnerung an den geistigen Urgrund des Daseins, doch war geblieben eine besondere geistige Wesenheit in diesem universellen Mutterschoß, aus dem alles heruntergestiegen war. Eine Wesenheit war vorläufig zurückgeblieben; sie hatte sich drobengehalten und nur vorläufig ihre Gabe der Gnade heruntergeschickt, um dann, wenn die Menschheit es am meisten brauchen würde, selber herunterzusteigen in die irdische Sphäre. Es war geblieben in der Sphäre der Geistigkeit oben das Wesen des geistigen Lichtes, jenes Wesen, das sich hinter dem physischen Sonnenwesen verbarg. Es hält sich in himmlischen Sphären und steigt herunter, wenn die Menschheit es braucht, auf daß diese wieder hinaufgetragen werden könne in die geistigen Welten. Und es stieg herunter, als mit dem Mysterium von Golgatha der Christus in einem physischen Menschenleib erschien.

Man begreift diesen Christus in seiner universellen Entfaltung, wenn man dasjenige, was in dem Jesus von Nazareth lebte, hinaufverfolgt bis zu seinem geistigen Ursprung, bis zu jenem geistigen Lichte. Dann begreift man auch, wie dieses einbezogen war in dasjenige, was das unenträtselbare Rätsel des Todes war. Als ein sinnender Jüngling erschien dem griechischen Geiste der Tod, als ein Rätsel, das nicht gelöst werden konnte. Aber auch der Grieche erahnte, daß das Rätsel, welches sich in der Seele dieses Jünglings birgt, seine Lösung gefunden hat mit dem Ereignis von Golgatha, daß da das Leben den Sieg über den Tod davongetragen hat, und daß dadurch ein neuer Einschlag der Menschheit gegeben war.

Das konnte Novalis schauen; und dadurch erhielt er den Mysterienglauben, das Mysterienwissen über den Stern, der die alten magischen Weisen geführt hat. Da wurde ihm das ganze Wesen dessen klar, was der Christus-Tod bedeutet. Da enthüllte sich ihm in der Nacht des Seelischen das Rätsel des Todes, das Rätsel des Christus. Da war es, daß diese eigenartige Individualität wissen lernte - durch ihre Erinnerung an die früheren Leben -, was der Christus, was das Ereignis von Golgatha für die Welt bedeutete.

Anschließend rezitierte Marie von Sivers (Marie Steiner) den Schluß der fünften und die sechste Hymne.

V

Über der Menschen weitverbreitete Stämme herrschte vorzeiten ein eisernes Schicksal mit stummer Gewalt. Eine dunkle, schwere Binde lag um ihre bange Seele -- Unendlich war die Erde -- der Götter Aufenthalt, und ihre Heimat. Seit Ewigkeiten stand ihr geheimnisvoller Bau. Über des Morgens roten Bergen, in des Meeres heiligem Schoß wohnte die Sonne, das allzündende, lebendige Licht. Ein alter Riese trug die selige Welt. Fest unter Bergen lagen die Ursöhne der Mutter Erde. Ohnmächtig in ihrer zerstörenden Wut gegen das neue herrliche Göttergeschlecht und dessen Verwandten, die fröhlichen Menschen. Des Meers dunkle, grüne Tiefe war einer Göttin Schoß. In den kristallenen Grotten schwelgte ein üppiges Volk. Flüsse, Bäume, Blumen und Tiere hatten menschlichen Sinn. Süßer schmeckte der Wein von sichtbarer Jugendfülle geschenkt -- ein Gott in den Trauben -- eine liebende, mütterliche Göttin, emporwachsend in vollen goldenen Garben -- der Liebe heil'ger Rausch ein süßer Dienst der schönsten Götterfrau -- ein ewig buntes Fest der Himmelskinder und der Erdbewohner rauschte das Leben, wie ein Frühling, durch die Jahrhunderte hin -- Alle Geschlechter verehrten kindlich die zarte, tausendfältige Flamme als das Höchste der Welt. Ein Gedanke nur war es. Ein entsetzliches Traumbild,

Das furchtbar zu den frohen Tischen trat
Und das Gemüt in wilde Schrecken hüllte.
Hier wußten selbst die Götter keinen Rat,
Der die beklommne Brust mit Trost erfüllte.
Geheimnisvoll war dieses Unholds Pfad,
Des Wut kein Flehn und keine Gabe stillte;
Es war der Tod, der dieses Lustgelag'
Mit Angst und Schmerz und Tränen unterbrach.

Auf ewig nun von allem abgeschieden,
Was hier das Herz in süßer Wollust regt,
Getrennt von den Geliebten, die hienieden
Vergebne Sehnsucht, langes Weh bewegt,
Schien matter Traum dem Toten nur beschieden,
Ohnmächt'ges Ringen nur ihm auferlegt.
Zerbrochen war die Woge des Genusses
Am Felsen des unendlichen Verdrusses.

Mit kühnem Geist und hoher Sinnenglut
Verschönte sich der Mensch die grause Larve,
Ein sanfter Jüngling löscht das Licht und ruht --
Sanft wird das Ende, wie ein Wehn der Harfe.
Erinnrung schmilzt in kühler Schattenflut,
So sang das Lied dem traurigen Bedarfe.
Doch unenträtselt blieb die ew'ge Nacht,
Das ernste Zeichen einer fernen Macht.

Zu Ende neigte die alte Welt sich. Des jungen Geschlechts Lustgarten verwelkte -- hinauf in den freieren, wüsten Raum strebten die unkindlichen, wachsenden Menschen. Die Götter verschwanden mit ihrem Gefolge -- Einsam und leblos stand die Natur. Mit eiserner Kette band sie die dürre Zahl und das strenge Maß. Wie in Staub und Lüfte zerfiel in dunkle Worte die unermeßliche Blüte des Lebens. Entflohn war der beschwörende Glauben, und die allverwandelnde, allverschwisternde Himmelsgenossin, die Phantasie. Unfreundlich blies ein kalter Nordwind über die erstarrte Flur, und die erstarrte Wunderheimat verflog in den Äther. Des Himmels Fernen füllten mit leuchtenden Welten sich. Ins tiefre Heiligtum, in des Gemüts höhern Raum zog mit ihren Mächten die Seele der Welt -- zu walten dort bis zum Anbruch der tagenden Weltherrlichkeit. Nicht mehr war das Licht der Götter Aufenthalt und himmlisches Zeichen -- den Schleier der Nacht warfen sie über sich. Die Nacht ward der Offenbarungen mächtiger Schoß -- in ihn kehrten die Götter zurück -- schlummerten ein, um in neuen herrlichern Gestalten auszugehn über die veränderte Welt. Im Volk, das vor allen verachtet zu früh reif und der seligen Unschuld der Jugend trotzig fremd geworden war, erschien mit nie gesehenem Angesicht die neue Welt -- In der Armut dichterischer Hütte -- Ein Sohn der ersten Jungfrau und Mutter -Geheimnisvoller Umarmung unendliche Frucht. Des Morgenlands ahndende, blütenreiche Weisheit erkannte zuerst der neuen Zeit Beginn -- Zu des Königs demütiger Wiege wies ihr ein Stern den Weg. In der weiten Zukunft Namen huldigten sie ihm mit Glanz und Duft, den höchsten Wundern der Natur. Einsam entfaltete das himmlische Herz sich zu einem Blütenkelch allmächtger Liebe -- des Vaters hohem Antlitz zugewandt und ruhend an dem ahndungssel'gen Busen der lieblich-ernsten Mutter. Mit vergötternder Inbrunst schaute das weissagende Auge des blühenden Kindes auf die Tage der Zukunft, nach seinen Geliebten, den Sprossen seines Götterstamms, unbekümmert über seiner Tage irdisches Schicksal. Bald sammelten die kindlichsten Gemüter von inniger Liebe wundersam ergriffen sich um ihn her. Wie Blumen keimte ein neues fremdes Leben in seiner Nähe. Unerschöpfliche Worte und der Botschaften fröhlichste fielen wie Funken eines göttlichen Geistes von seinen freundlichen Lippen. Von ferner Küste, unter Hellas' heiterm Himmel geboren, kam ein Sänger nach Palästina und ergab sein ganzes Herz dem Wunderkinde:

Der Jüngling bist du, der seit langer Zeit
Auf unsern Gräbern steht in tiefen Sinnen;
Ein tröstlich Zeichen in der Dunkelheit --
Der höhern Menschheit freudiges Beginnen.
Was uns gesenkt in tiefe Traurigkeit,
Zieht uns mit süßer Sehnsucht nun von hinnen.
Im Tode ward das ew'ge Leben kund,
Du bist der Tod und machst uns erst gesund.

Der Sänger zog voll Freudigkeit nach Indostan -- das Herz von süßer Liebe trunken; und schüttete in feurigen Gesängen es unter jenem milden Himmel aus, daß tausend Herzen sich zu ihm neigten, und die fröhliche Botschaft tausendzweigig emporwuchs. Bald nach des Sängers Abschied ward das köstliche Leben ein Opfer des menschlichen tiefen Verfalls -- Er starb in jungen Jahren, weggerissen von der geliebten Welt, von der weinenden Mutter und seinen zagenden Freunden. Der unsäglichen Leiden dunkeln Kelch leerte der liebliche Mund -- In entsetzlicher Angst nahte die Stunde der Geburt der neuen Welt. Hart rang er mit des alten Todes Schrecken -- Schwer lag der Druck der alten Welt auf ihm. Noch einmal sah er freundlich nach der Mutter -- da kam der ewigen Liebe lösende Hand -- und er entschlief. Nur wenig Tage hing ein tiefer Schleier über das brausende Meer, über das bebende Land -- unzählige Tränen weinten die Geliebten -- Entsiegelt ward das Geheimnis -- himmlische Geister hoben den uralten Stein vom dunkeln Grabe. Engel saßen bei dem Schlummernden -- aus seinen Träumen zartgebildet -- Erwacht in neuer Götterherrlichkeit erstieg er die Höhe der neugebornen Welt -- begrub mit eigner Hand den alten Leichnam in die verlaßne Höhle, und legte mit allmächtiger Hand den Stein, den keine Macht erhebt, darauf.

Noch weinen deine Lieben Tränen der Freude, Tränen der Rührung und des unendlichen Danks an deinem Grabe -- sehn dich noch immer, freudig erschreckt, auferstehn -- und sich mit dir; sehn dich weinen mit süßer Inbrunst an der Mutter seligem Busen, ernst mit den Freunden wandeln, Worte sagen, wie vom Baum des Lebens gebrochen; sehen dich eilen mit voller Sehnsucht in des Vaters Arm, bringend die junge Menschheit, und der goldnen Zukunft unversieglichen Becher. Die Mutter eilte bald dir nach -- in himmlischem Triumph -- Sie war die Erste in der neuen Heimat bei dir. Lange Zeiten entflossen seitdem, und in immer höherm Glanze regte deine neue Schöpfung sich -- und Tausende zogen aus Schmerzen und Qualen, voll Glauben und Sehnsucht und Treue dir nach -- walten mit dir und der himmlischen Jungfrau im Reiche der Liebe -- dienen im Tempel des himmlischen Todes und sind in Ewigkeit dein.

Gehoben ist der Stein --
Die Menschheit ist erstanden --
Wir alle bleiben dein
Und fühlen keine Banden.
Der herbste Kummer fleucht
Vor deiner goldnen Schale,
Wenn Erd' und Leben weicht,
Im letzten Abendmahle.

Zur Hochzeit ruft der Tod --
Die Lampen brennen helle --
Die Jungfraun sind zur Stelle --
Um Öl ist keine Not --
Erklänge doch die Ferne
Von deinem Zuge schon,
Und ruften uns die Sterne
Mit Menschenzung' und Ton.

Nach dir, Maria, heben
Schon tausend Herzen sich.
In diesem Schattenleben
Verlangten sie nur dich.
Sie hoffen zu genesen
Mit ahndungsvoller Lust --
Drückst du sie, heil'ges Wesen,
An deine treue Brust.

So manche, die sich glühend
In bittrer Qual verzehrt
Und dieser Welt entfliehend
Nach dir sich hingekehrt;
Die hilfreich uns erschienen
In mancher Not und Pein --
Wir kommen nun zu ihnen,
Um ewig da zu sein.

Nun weint an keinem Grabe,
Für Schmerz, wer liebend glaubt,
Der Liebe süße Habe
Wird keinem nicht geraubt --
Die Sehnsucht ihm zu lindern,
Begeistert ihn die Nacht --
Von treuen Himmelskindern
Wird ihm sein Herz bewacht.

Getrost, das Leben schreitet
Zum ew'gen Leben hin;
Von innrer Glut geweitet
Verklärt sich unser Sinn.
Die Sternwelt wird zerfließen
Zum goldnen Lebenswein,
Wir werden sie genießen
Und lichte Sterne sein.

Die Lieb' ist freigegeben,
Und keine Trennung mehr.
Es wogt das volle Leben
Wie ein unendlich Meer.
Nur _eine_ Nacht der Wonne --
Ein ewiges Gedicht --
Und unser aller Sonne
Ist Gottes Angesicht.

VI. Sehnsucht nach dem Tode

Hinunter in der Erde Schoß,
Weg aus des Lichtes Reichen,
Der Schmerzen Wut und wilder Stoß
Ist froher Abfahrt Zeichen.
Wir kommen in dem engen Kahn
Geschwind am Himmelsufer an.

Gelobt sei uns die ew'ge Nacht,
Gelobt der ew'ge Schlummer.
Wohl hat der Tag uns warm gemacht,
Und welk der lange Kummer.
Die Lust der Fremde ging uns aus,
Zum Vater wollen wir nach Haus.

Was sollen wir auf dieser Welt
Mit unsrer Lieb' und Treue.
Das Alte wird hintangestellt,
Was soll uns dann das Neue.
O! einsam steht und tiefbetrübt,
Wer heiß und fromm die Vorzeit liebt.

Die Vorzeit, wo die Sinne licht
In hohen Flammen brannten,
Des Vaters Hand und Angesicht
Die Menschen noch erkannten,
Und hohen Sinns, einfältiglich
Noch mancher seinem Urbild glich.

Die Vorzeit, wo noch blütenreich
Uralte Stämme prangten,
Und Kinder für das Himmelreich
Nach Qual und Tod verlangten.
Und wenn auch Lust und Leben sprach,
Doch manches Herz für Liebe brach.

Die Vorzeit, wo in Jugendglut
Gott selbst sich kundgegeben
Und frühem Tod in Liebesmut
Geweiht sein süßes Leben.
Und Angst und Schmerz nicht von sich trieb,
Damit er uns nur teuer blieb.

Mit banger Sehnsucht sehn wir sie
In dunkle Nacht gehüllet,
In dieser Zeitlichkeit wird nie
Der heiße Durst gestillet.
Wir müssen nach der Heimat gehn,
Um diese heil'ge Zeit zu sehn.

Was hält noch unsre Rückkehr auf,
Die Liebsten ruhn schon lange.
Ihr Grab schließt unsern Lebenslauf,
Nun wird uns weh und bange.
Zu suchen haben wir nichts mehr --
Das Herz ist satt -- die Welt ist leer.

Unendlich und geheimnisvoll
Durchströmt uns süßer Schauer --
Mir deucht, aus tiefen Fernen scholl
Ein Echo unsrer Trauer
Die Lieben sehnen sich wohl auch
Und sandten uns der Sehnsucht Hauch.

Hinunter zu der süßen Braut,
Zu Jesus, dem Geliebten --
Getrost, die Abenddämmrung graut
Den Liebenden, Betrübten.
Ein Traum bricht unsre Banden los
Und senkt uns in des Vaters Schoß.

7. Novalis and his “Hymns to the Night”

A poem will now be recited for which, in a deeper sense, a corresponding mood can only be created by the fact that most of the friends present have recently been deeply engaged with the subject of the spiritual world in connection with the entire historical development of humanity. What is being presented here makes us truly aware that spiritual science or theosophy is not merely proclaimed in the world by the Theosophical Society, but that theosophy, as a teaching based on the great occult truths and wisdom, is something that has flowed through the best spirits since ancient times, who were searching for a higher world. And we can find many personalities, both in ancient and modern times, who actually show us that they were completely imbued in their ideas, feelings, and attitudes toward life with a worldview that we can call theosophical, and that they lived their entire lives in harmony with it. Such a unique personality lived in Novalis during the last three decades of the 18th century.

Novalis did not reach the age of thirty, and it is to be hoped that the publication of his “Hymns to the Night” will raise awareness that these hymns express, as perfectly as was possible in the last three decades of the 18th century, the most comprehensive understanding of these spiritual truths.

Novalis, whose secular name was Friedrich von Hardenberg, was born on May 2, 1772, into one of the most distinguished noble families. Anyone who has the opportunity to visit Weimar should not miss seeing the deeply impressive bust of Novalis. It is one of the documents of classical Weimar that clearly shows how much spiritual high culture was associated with this period, with the end of the 18th century. Anyone who looks at this peculiar bust, if they are at all sensitive to such things, will even get the impression that this physiognomy, which one might say transcends the sphere of low humanity, expresses a soul that was entirely grounded in the occult, in the spiritual worlds. And yet Novalis is one of those personalities who are living proof that this spirituality, this elevation into the highest spiritual worlds attainable by human beings, is compatible with a firm practical footing in physical reality. Basically, Novalis never came into serious conflict with the rather conservative traditions in which his family lived, although it should be noted that this family always had a free receptivity to everything noble and good, even if it might initially appear unfamiliar to people.

When we study Novalis' biography—which is itself a work of art—and allow it to sink in, his father appears to us as a practical man. Novalis was actually trained for a very practical profession in accordance with bourgeois life, which required knowledge of jurisprudence and mathematics. He became a mining engineer. This is not the place to explain how he was a delight to those he worked with in this profession. Nor is this the time to show how he not only mastered the mathematical and physical sciences that formed the basis of this profession in theory and practice, but how he was above all a skilled mathematician. What is most important is what Novalis achieved as a spiritual being through mathematics in the inner structure of his being.

If mathematics shows in detail how it enables us to rise to a pure, sensual-free way of thinking, then we have a prime example of this in Novalis, where external observation does not play a role. For him, life in the ideas of mathematics became a great poem that filled him with delight, so that his soul felt elevated when he immersed himself in numbers and quantities. For him, it became the expression of divine creation, of divine thought, as it flashes into space in the directions and measures of force and crystallizes there. Mathematics became for his mind the path to the warmest, the path to spiritual life, while for the many people who know it only from the outside, it always remains something cold. This is all the more significant because in Novalis this spirituality confronts us with a tenderness and delicacy hardly found in any other of the most important minds.

Novalis was a contemporary of Goethe. However, one cannot place Novalis' spiritual nature on the same level as Goethe's. Goethe had attained it through a regular course of initiation from the higher worlds up to a certain level. Novalis, on the other hand, lived a life that can best be described by saying: This young man, who left the physical plane at the age of twenty-nine and who gave more to the German spirit than a hundred or a thousand others, lived a life that was actually the memory of a previous one. Through a very specific event, the spiritual experiences of previous incarnations were driven out, presented themselves to the soul, and flowed out of this soul in delicate, rhythmically undulating poems.

Thus we can see that Novalis understood how the human being can be lifted into a higher world with his soul. Novalis had the ability to see how waking life with its everyday consciousness is only a fragment of the present human life, and how every soul, which in the evening sinks into unconsciousness for the external perceptions of the day, in reality sinks into the spiritual world. He was able to feel deeply, to know that in those spiritual worlds into which the soul plunges at night, there is a higher spiritual reality, that the day with all its impressions, even the impressions of sun and light, is only a fragment of the whole spiritual reality. And the stars, which during the night seemed to send down the light of day as if secretly, appeared to him only as a faint glow, while the truth of the spiritual dawned upon him in the consciousness that illuminates the seer in the dazzling, bright astral light when he is able to transport himself into the night in spirit. Thus, the worlds of the night, the true spiritual worlds, open up before Novalis, and thus the night becomes valuable to him from this point of view.

How did such memories of previous incarnations come out in him? How did the experiences of the occult world, which we can now describe in occult knowledge, appear so uniquely in him? Life had freed from his soul the remnants of previous incarnations that lay dormant within it. If one wants to understand this event, which brought these spiritual experiences out of his soul, one must place it in the light of spiritual observation. Only childish ignorance could place this event in the same category as Goethe's encounter with Friederike in Sesenheim. Such a comparison seems rather crude.

During his stay in Grüningen, he met a thirteen-year-old girl. And secrets of the soul unfolded that can never be called a love affair without violating the tenderness of the soul. Basically, in Sophie von Kühn – that was the girl's name – we have something like a being passing away from life. She fell ill very soon and died shortly afterwards. As the spirit broke free in Sophie von Kühn, Novalis' own inner spiritual abilities broke free in his own inner life.

Perhaps, if one is willing to engage with it at all, there is no other case in which the inadequacy of a way of thinking bound to external experience is so evident as in what we had to experience in assessing this relationship, which can only be understood if one is able to recognize it in its entirety in its spirituality, through our material age. People who say that science must be based on documents, that it must above all bring to bear what can be positively grasped on the physical plane, such natural scientists, who represent the rather distorted side of natural science that has become a farce, have made us experience that they believed they could prove from the documents that Novalis had basically fallen prey to an illusion in Grüningen. Poetry is fine, they say, but let us look at the documents, let us look at what Mr. von Rockenthien, with whom Sophie von Kühn lived, was like! And let us look, says one of the “Novalis experts,” at some of the little letters Sophie von Kühn wrote to Novalis. Sophie von Kühn made spelling mistakes not only in every line, but in almost every word! And Novalis would have fallen victim to a great deception.

In Jena, where she was staying last year, she also saw Goethe—and she made a deep impression on him! Anyone who cannot understand that these unique words of Goethe are worth more than all the documents that can be unearthed – for all documents can lie – anyone who, when they want to prove something, does not think to provide counterevidence, is beyond help, despite all their knowledge.

What did this event mean for Novalis? Sophie von Kühn died, and Novalis lived in a mood of “I will die after her!” From then on, he was never separated from her in his soul. The power that conveyed the experience of the night to him in his own soul was poured out from the soul of the deceased Sophie von Kühn, and he had the great experiences that he described in his poems.

Once again, a female being crossed his path: Julie von Charpentier. But she was only the earthly symbol of the soul of the deceased Sophie von Kühn. The mysteries he poured into the “Hymns to the Night” were detached from his soul only through this first soul bond.

Here Marie von Sivers (Marie Steiner) recited the first and second hymns.

I

What living, sentient being does not love, above all the wonders of the vast space around him, the most joyful light—with its colors, its rays, and its waves; its gentle omnipresence, like the awakening day. Like the innermost soul of life, it breathes in the restless world of giant stars, and swims dancing in its blue flood—it breathes in the sparkling, eternally resting stone, the sensible, sucking plant, and the wild, burning, multiform animal—but above all in the glorious stranger with the meaningful eyes, the floating gait, and delicately closed, sonorous lips. Like a king of earthly nature, it calls every force to countless transformations, forms and dissolves infinite alliances, hangs its heavenly image around every earthly being. -- Its presence alone reveals the miraculous glory of the realms of the world.

I turn downward to the holy, inexpressible, mysterious night. Far away lies the world -- sunk into a deep grave -- desolate and lonely is its place. Deep melancholy blows in the strings of my breast. I want to sink down into dewdrops and mingle with the ashes. -- Distant memories, desires of youth, dreams of childhood, the brief joys and vain hopes of a whole long life come in gray garments, like evening mist after the setting of the sun. In other rooms, the cheerful tents were lit up. Should it never return to its children, who await it with innocent faith?

What wells up so ominously beneath my heart, and swallows the soft air with melancholy? Do you also take pleasure in us, dark night? What do you hold beneath your cloak that touches my soul so powerfully, though I cannot see it? Delicious balm drips from your hand, from the bundle of poppies. You lift up the heavy wings of the mind. We feel moved in a dark and inexpressible way—I see a serious face, gladly startled, which bows gently and reverently toward me, and beneath the mother's infinitely intertwined curls, her beloved youth is revealed. How poor and childish the light now seems to me—how joyful and blessed the farewell of the day—just because the night turns your servants away from you, you sowed the shining spheres in the vastness of space to proclaim your omnipotence—your return—in the times of your absence. More heavenly than those flashing stars seem to us the infinite eyes that the night has opened in us. They see further than the palest of those countless hosts—un needing of light, they see through the depths of a loving mind—which fills a higher space with unspeakable delight. Praise to the queen of the world, the high herald of holy worlds, the nurturer of blissful love—she sends you to me—tender beloved—lovely sun of the night—now I am awake—for I am yours and mine—you have proclaimed the night to me as life—made me human—nourish my body with spiritual fire, that I may joyfully mingle more intimately with you and then the wedding night may last forever.

II

Must morning always return? Does the power of the earthly never end? Unhappy busyness consumes the heavenly touch of night. Will the secret sacrifice of love never burn eternally? Time was allotted to the light; but timeless and spaceless is the reign of night. -- Eternal is the duration of sleep. Holy sleep -- do not too rarely bless those devoted to the night in this earthly day's work. Only fools misunderstand you and know of no sleep but the shadow you cast compassionately upon us in the twilight of true night. They do not feel you in the golden flood of grapes -- in the almond tree's miraculous oil, and the brown juice of the poppy. They do not know that it is you who flutters around the bosom of the tender maiden and makes her lap a cradle for the sky—they do not suspect that you emerge from ancient stories, opening the heavens, and carry the key to the dwellings of the blessed, silent messenger of infinite mysteries.

Thus far the poem leads us into the worlds in which Novalis lived as a spirit when he was within his experience of the eternal mysteries.

You will have heard often enough that such ascension into higher worlds is linked to a penetration into even other secrets of existence. Therefore, his gaze had to wander back to times of the distant past, when that which now lives in the world was still in the bosom of the deity and had not yet descended into the earthly body. When the souls of the natural kingdoms still lived in pure spirituality, which could only be attained in the astral world, there occurred what was revealed to Novalis in powerful images when he turned his gaze backward. He saw the time when the souls of plants, animals, and humans were still companions of divine beings, when that interruption of consciousness had not yet occurred which appears to humans in the transition between night and day—and when nothing yet existed of that interruption which is expressed in the words birth and death. All life flowed in the spiritual-soul realm, and the words birth and death had no meaning for the rulers of the distant past.

Then the thought of death struck this life of gods and divine earthly beings, and the spiritual descended into the earthly world. The divine beings were hidden in earthly bodies, enchanted into the realms of minerals, plants, and animals. But those who become capable of returning to the spiritual world find the gods in all phenomena; they learn to recognize that the gods were connected with human beings before earthly life existed. And he learns what the life of the soul is; he learns to recognize that the day with its impressions is a weak excerpt from the great world, whose essence is duration, eternity. And he learns to disenchant what floats in the realms of nature.

This entered Novalis' soul when he was connected with the soul of his Sophie in his eternity—and died after her. And in this afterlife, the spirit came alive. There he had experienced this “die and become,” and there he realized what he calls his “magical idealism.”

This was followed by the recitation of the fourth hymn, from line 20, and the beginning of the fifth hymn.

Thus Novalis was able to look back into the times when the gods were among men, when everything was spiritual, when spirits and souls had not yet descended into earthly bodies. Thus he was able to see the transition: how death struck the world, and how man in those times represented death in his earthly shadow, and how he sought to beautify it through imagination and art. But death remained a mystery.

Then something of universal significance occurred. And Novalis was able to see the universal significance of what was happening in the world at that time. The souls of the realms of nature had descended into the world. The memory of the spiritual source of existence had been forgotten, but a special spiritual entity remained in this universal womb from which everything had descended. One entity had remained behind for the time being; it had stayed above and only temporarily sent down its gift of grace, so that when humanity needed it most, it could descend into the earthly sphere itself. The essence of spiritual light remained in the sphere of spirituality above, that essence which was hidden behind the physical sun being. It remains in heavenly spheres and descends when humanity needs it, so that humanity can be carried up again into the spiritual worlds. And it descended when, with the mystery of Golgotha, Christ appeared in a physical human body.

One understands this Christ in his universal unfolding when one traces back what lived in Jesus of Nazareth to its spiritual origin, to that spiritual light. Then one also understands how this was involved in what was the unfathomable mystery of death. To the Greek spirit, death appeared as a riddle that could not be solved. But even the Greeks sensed that the riddle hidden in the soul of this young man found its solution in the events at Golgotha, where life triumphed over death, thereby giving humanity a new impetus.

Novalis could see this, and through it he gained a belief in the mysteries, the mystery knowledge about the star that guided the ancient magicians. Then the whole meaning of Christ's death became clear to him. In the night of the soul, the mystery of death, the mystery of Christ, was revealed to him. It was then that this unique individuality learned—through its memory of previous lives—what Christ meant, what the event of Golgotha meant for the world.

Marie von Sivers (Marie Steiner) then recited the conclusion of the fifth and sixth hymns.

V

An iron fate once ruled over the widespread tribes of mankind with silent violence. A dark, heavy bandage lay around their anxious souls -- Infinite was the earth -- the abode of the gods, and their home. For ages their mysterious building stood. Above the red mountains of the morning, in the sacred bosom of the sea, dwelt the sun, the all-igniting, living light. An ancient giant bore the blessed world. Firm beneath the mountains lay the primal sons of Mother Earth. Powerless in their destructive rage against the new glorious race of gods and their relatives, the happy humans. The dark, green depths of the sea were the womb of a goddess. In the crystal grottoes a luxuriant people revelled. Rivers, trees, flowers and animals had human meaning. Sweeter tasted the wine given by visible youthfulness -- a god in the grapes -- a loving, motherly goddess, growing up in full golden sheaves -- love's holy intoxication a sweet service of the most beautiful goddess -- an eternally colorful feast of the children of heaven and the inhabitants of earth, life, like a spring, rushed through the centuries -- all generations childishly worshipped the tender, thousandfold flame as the highest of the world. It was only a thought. A dreadful dream,

which dreadfully came to the happy tables
and wrapped the mind in wild terror.
Here even the gods knew no advice,
which filled the trembling breast with comfort.
Mysterious was this fiend's path,
whose rage no plea and no gift quenched;
it was death that interrupted this revelry
with fear and pain and tears.

For ever now departed from all,
What here stirred the heart in sweet voluptuousness,
Separated from the beloved, whom here
Vain longing, long woe moved,
Matterless dream seemed to the dead only destined,
Fainting struggle only imposed on him.
Broken was the wave of pleasure
On the rock of infinite vexation.

With bold spirit and high sensual ardor
Man embellished the gray larva,
A gentle youth extinguishes the light and rests --
The end becomes gentle, like a harp blowing.
Memory melts in a cool flood of shadow,
Thus sang the song to the sad need.
But unenigmatic remained the eternal night,
The serious sign of a distant power.

The old world came to an end. The garden of pleasure of the young sex withered -- the unchildlike, growing humans strove upwards into the freer, wilder space. The gods disappeared with their entourage - nature stood lonely and lifeless. With an iron chain she bound the barren number and the strict measure. As if in dust and air, the immeasurable blossom of life crumbled into dark words. The conjuring faith and the all-transforming, all-sibling celestial companion, the imagination, had fled. A cold north wind blew unkindly over the frozen corridor, and the frozen home of wonder vanished into the ether. The far reaches of the sky filled with luminous worlds. Into the deep sanctuary, into the higher space of the mind, the soul of the world moved with its powers -- to reign there until the dawn of the world's reigning glory. No longer was the light of the gods an abode and heavenly sign -- the veil of night was thrown over them. The night became the mighty womb of revelation -- into it the gods returned -- fell asleep, to go forth in new and more glorious forms over the changed world. In the people, who, despised by all, had matured too early and had become defiantly alien to the blissful innocence of youth, the new world appeared with a face never seen before -- In the poverty of the poetic hut -- A son of the first virgin and mother -- Mysterious embrace of infinite fruit. Wisdom, foreboding and flowery, first recognized the dawn of the new age -- A star showed her the way to the king's humble cradle. In the far future name they paid homage to it with splendor and fragrance, the highest wonders of nature. Lonely, the heavenly heart unfolded itself into a chalice of almighty love -- turned to the high face of the father and resting on the fondly-earnest bosom of the lovely mother. With idolizing fervour, the prophesying eye of the blossoming child looked to the days of the future, to his beloved, the offspring of his tribe of gods, unconcerned about his earthly fate. Soon the most childlike minds, wondrously moved by intimate love, gathered around him. Like flowers, a new foreign life sprouted near him. Inexhaustible words and the most cheerful messages fell from his friendly lips like sparks of a divine spirit. From distant shores, born under Hellas' serene sky, a singer came to Palestine and gave his whole heart to the child prodigy:

You are the youth who for a long time
has stood on our graves in deep thought;
A comforting sign in the darkness --
The joyous beginning of higher mankind.
What sank us into deep sadness,
Draws us away now with sweet longing.
In death eternal life was made known,
You are death and only make us well.

The singer went to Indostan full of joy -- his heart drunk with sweet love; and poured it out in fiery songs under that mild sky, so that a thousand hearts bowed to him, and the happy message grew up a thousand branches. Soon after the singer's farewell, the exquisite life became a victim of the deep human decay -- he died at a young age, torn away from the beloved world, from his weeping mother and his timid friends. His sweet mouth emptied the dark cup of unspeakable suffering -- In terrible fear the hour of the birth of the new world drew near. He wrestled hard with the terror of the old death -- The pressure of the old world lay heavy upon him. Once more he looked kindly at his mother -- then came the hand of eternal love -- and he passed away. Only a few days a deep veil hung over the roaring sea, over the trembling land -- countless tears were wept by the beloved -- the secret was unsealed -- heavenly spirits lifted the ancient stone from the dark grave. Angels sat by the slumbering one -- delicately formed from his dreams -- Awakened in the new glory of the gods, he ascended the heights of the newborn world -- Buried the old corpse in the forsaken cave with his own hand, and with an almighty hand laid the stone upon it, which no power can raise.

Your loved ones still weep tears of joy, tears of emotion and infinite thanksgiving at your grave -- still see you, joyfully startled, rising again -- and with you; see you weeping with sweet fervor at your mother's blessed bosom, walking earnestly with friends, saying words as if broken from the tree of life; see you hurrying with full longing in your father's arm, bringing the young humanity, and the golden future inexhaustible cup. The Mother soon hastened after you -- in heavenly triumph -- She was the first in the new home with you. Long ages have since flown by, and in ever higher splendor thy new creation has stirred -- and thousands have followed thee out of pain and agony, full of faith and longing and loyalty -- reign with thee and the heavenly Virgin in the realm of love -- serve in the temple of heavenly death and are thine for ever.

The stone is lifted --
Mankind is risen --
We all remain thine
And feel no bonds.
The bitterest sorrow flickers
Before thy golden bowl,
When earth and life depart,
In the last supper.

Death calls to the wedding --
The lamps burn brightly --
The virgins are at hand --
There is no need for oil --
Yet the distance sounds
Of thy course already,
And the stars call us
With mantle and sound.

After thee, Mary, a thousand hearts are already lifting

In this shadowy life
they desire only thee.
They hope to recover
With foreboding desire --
Press them, holy being,
To thy faithful breast.

So many who fervently
Consumed in bitter agony
And fleeing this world
Turned to you;
Who helpfully appeared to us
In many a trouble and pain --
We come to them now,
To be there forever.

Now weep at no grave,
For pain, who lovingly believes,
Love's sweet possession
Will not be robbed from anyone --
To soothe his longing,
Inspires him the night --
His heart is guarded by faithful children of heaven
.

Consoled, life strides
Towards eternal life;
Widened by inner glow
Our minds are transfigured.
The starry world will melt away
To the golden wine of life,
We will enjoy it
And be bright stars.

Love is released,
And no more separation.
Full life surges
Like an infinite sea.
Only _one_ night of delight --
An eternal poem --
And the sun of us all
Is God's face.

VI. Longing for death

Down into the earth's womb,
Way from the light's realms,
Pain's rage and wild thrust
Is glad departure's sign.
We arrive in the narrow boat
Swiftly at the heavenly shore.

Praised be to us the eternal night,
Praised the eternal slumber.
Well has the day made us warm,
And withered the long sorrow.
We have run out of the pleasure of the foreign land,
To the Father we want to go home.

What shall we do in this world
With our love and loyalty.
The old is put aside,
What then shall the new do for us.
O! lonely and deeply saddened stands,
He who loves hotly and piously the past.

The ancient times, when the senses burned brightly
in high flames,
the Father's hand and face
men still recognized,
and of high mind, simple-mindedly
many a man still resembled his archetype.

The time before, when still full of flowers
Ancient tribes flourished,
and children for the kingdom of heaven
longed for torment and death.
And though lust and life spoke,
yet many a heart broke for love.

The time before, where in the ardor of youth
God made himself known
And early death in love
Consecrated his sweet life.
And fear and pain did not drive him away,
So that he only remained dear to us.

With anxious longing we see them
Huddled in dark night,
In this temporality the hot thirst is never
quenched.
We must go to our homeland,
To see this holy time.

What still keeps us from returning,
Our loved ones have long been at rest.
Their grave closes the course of our lives,
Now we ache and fear.
We have nothing more to seek --
The heart is full -- the world is empty.

Infinite and mysterious
A sweet shiver flows through us --
It seems to me that an echo of our grief resounds from afar
The loved ones are probably longing too
And send us the breath of longing.

Down to the sweet bride,
To Jesus, the Beloved --
Comforted, the twilight dawns
To the lovers, the afflicted.
A dream breaks our bonds
And lowers us into the Father's bosom.