111. Introduction to the Basics of Theosophy: Consideration of the Nature of Man
22 Sep 1907, Hanover Rudolf Steiner |
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111. Introduction to the Basics of Theosophy: Consideration of the Nature of Man
22 Sep 1907, Hanover Rudolf Steiner |
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Man is an infinitely complex being. The mind is the application to the five senses. Man is not merely what he physically represents, but his limbs are permeated by higher limbs. He would look quite different from how he appears before us if the higher limbs were removed; only the physical-material would remain as a corpse. The physical human being depends on being permeated by the other higher limbs. There is an important sentence in occultism: “Materially, my physical body is an impossible composition.” All substances and forces of the physical world are composed of other substances; about seventy elements are distinguished. The human body would disintegrate if left to itself. The second part of the human body is the etheric body; this leads an incessant fight against the decay of the many substances and forces that make up the physical body. The clairvoyant sees the etheric body by thinking away the physical body. Low-level clairvoyance is increased attention. You can be so absorbed in a spiritual conversation that you do not see the physical objects. Through strict practice in concentration and meditation one comes to clairvoyance. One can simply imagine the physical body. The space is then not empty. The energy body is flooded with light currents. The base color of this body is peach blossom to red violet. At the head, chest and hands, the upper part of the energy body resembles the physical body. The etheric body of man is female, that of woman male; both sexes are thus directed inwards. This is connected, for example, with man's ambition in war and woman's brave devotion. Everything alive is immersed in ether. The etheric body of the plant is much larger than the plant itself. It appears as a small indentation in it. The radiant appearance continues through the etheric body and gradually merges into the ether. In a certain sense, the mineral has an etheric body, but not one of its own; the cavities of the mineral, the forms are less distinct. The minerals are indeed impregnated with ether, but a real etheric body is only inherent in plants. The moment the etheric body draws out its forces, the human being dies. Even at the beginning of the last century, serious naturalists had an inkling of the power of life; discoveries about the cell led people to believe only in the physical. It is considered mere speculation to ascribe higher powers to the physical body. Materialism hopes to succeed in producing a life similar to protein from chemical and physical substances and forces, without the fertilization process. The occultists of the secret schools have never doubted this; it is only a matter of time before the conditions are met. Light is not packed in sacks, not in this or that place; it is everywhere. Likewise, vital energy is stored everywhere; anyone who knows the truth can capture life. The secret is kept because the people who know how to handle it must be at a high level of spirituality and morality. It would be the greatest misfortune if this secret were to be revealed prematurely. When man transforms the substance of life, the action must be a sacramental one. Now, a person with low morals can carry out the artificial actions in the laboratories; they are sober and dry. When such high secrets are given to people, the action in the laboratories must be a service to God. Through the third link of the human being, man experiences pleasure and pain, urges, instincts, passions and desires. These fill the body just as much as the bones, muscles and so on. The impressions are reflected through processes within. Man shares this body with animals, but not with the mineral and plant kingdoms. Plants can certainly react to stimuli, but they have no consciousness; they do not internally transform the stimulus into sensation. A blue litmus paper can turn red, but consciousness is not present. The clairvoyant sees the human physical body and etheric body surrounded by finer structures and light phenomena of a spiritual nature and hears soul tones. This is the actual home of man, the astral world. We hear because the air vibrations enter our ears. The waves are the mediators of sound. Every word has different vibrations. Someone may not hear the words, but see the vibrations they produce. We see the light vibrations as light because we have eyes. This is how development must progress. A person consists of three bodies and of what he has for himself, which no one else can express – the I – because we are a Thus we have four members of the human essence: the physical body, the etheric or life body, the astral body and the I. It is still a lower state when the human being follows the ego like a slave. The animal serves necessity. The average person still chooses between his urges, while the idealist follows high moral and spiritual ideals. The human being must get a grip on his urges and motives of inclination. The ego must be the center, the master; we must not let the ego be dragged along. The physical body always tends to disintegrate, the etheric body must constantly work against this disintegration, which is necessary for the physical body. The etheric body is the carrier of the astral body. However, because the physical body is also the carrier of an astral body, the physical body is worn down by it every minute, which is how fatigue arises. When the soul works on the tired body during sleep, refreshment occurs. The astral body is still very imperfect in relation to the physical body, still very capable of development. It is quite different when people form a friendship and remain loyal to each other than when a dog remains loyal to loved ones. The animal serves this instinct as if we were satisfying hunger and thirst; if the master is missing, the animal misses him, the animal lives in an eternal present. It is not memory that would draw the animal to man, but the satisfaction of his need. That is why the death of a loved one can be even more tragic for an animal than when a person dies for a person. The human being must make the conquest of forgetting through the ego their own. They develop not only through new experiences, but also by erasing memory. In memory, the past is alive. The etheric body counteracts dissolution by renewing the fluids. Fatigue is overcome by refreshment, and oblivion by memory. |
111. Introduction to the Basics of Theosophy: The Place of Purification and Devachan
23 Sep 1907, Hanover Rudolf Steiner |
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111. Introduction to the Basics of Theosophy: The Place of Purification and Devachan
23 Sep 1907, Hanover Rudolf Steiner |
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When a person has laid aside his body, a time of purification begins for him on the astral plane. The desires, cravings and passions follow him, but he lacks the tools - tongue, palate and so on - to satisfy them. This state can be compared [with] the increase of burning thirst until [the person] gets out of the habit of satisfying his desires. Man must seek the spiritual during his lifetime [-, that,] which shines through the sensual pleasures. On the other hand, it is wrong to despise the physical life. It has its great task in the sensual world. Without senses, we could not experience the beauty of nature, the processes of life, the relationships of love and friendship that flow from person to person, which spirits could not do without. The physical-sensual life is a necessary point of transition in our development and should not be confused with a sensualistic asceticism. We only have to give up the pleasures that the ego wants for its own sake. It is necessary to enjoy food. What is to be frowned upon is the desire for pleasure for the sake of pleasure, which plunges the human being deeper into the material world. The stay in Kamaloka lasts on average a third of the lifetime, counting backwards from death to birth, so three times as fast as in the physical life. At this level, we see everything as in a mirror image. The sight is confusing because, for example, numbers appear upside down. Indeed, the chicken eventually disappears into the egg. Human passions are reflected there as animal images, all selfish urges as monsters or snakes. There are enough people in physical life who can see such animal images because the spiritual life is seeking a way out due to the prevalence of materialism. To reach devachan, a person must truly become like a child and discard everything that is selfish. This is the reason for the words of Jesus Christ: “Unless you become like children, you will not enter the kingdom of heaven.” All the religious scriptures gradually reveal their true meaning to us in a theosophical way. Kamaloka is the place of effects. Man is exposed to all that to which he gave rise. If, in the course of time, he has given another a blow and he returns to that time, he feels the pain of the other, he crawls into his soul, as it were. He must experience the consequences of exaggerating selfishness as well as his good deeds. The spiritual world is a permeable sphere and is not limited to three dimensions, but to four and more. The laws of this space require that two or a thousand things, which do not need to be spatially together, for example, are located on another continent, find themselves united here as mirror images through the wishful thinking. When the soul sheds the etheric body, it has the sensation of expansion into the immeasurable. The repercussions of all events in the place of purification remain as a mark, as a feeling that desires and so on are obstacles to development. The essence in the etheric body, the desire to balance everything, goes as an overall desire on the further pilgrimage. Just as there is land, sea, air and fire in the physical world, so it is in the world that man reaches after his time of purification. In Devachan, physical things appear in a spiritual way as a foundation, as land. Just as one walks on rocks here, one walks on archetypes there. Let us think of a rock crystal; in Devachan it appears as a black cavity, with glowing masses around it. The flowing light is the blood in the spiritual. In the case of plants, one will see their etheric body in the hollow space. The radiations around a red rose blossom, for example, would be yellowish, those of the stem would be peach-red. Light radiates around the objects, and inside is the etheric body; in the case of animals, the astral body is also present. The blood vessel system and the like can be clearly recognized. As rocks are on earth, so are the beings who are here in the physical body in Devachan as archetypes; they are there the skeleton. As the sea and rivers, like human blood, the flowing, flooding life appears, which on earth is distributed into individual organisms. What feels on the earthly world appears there as clouds and lightning; a battle as a thunderstorm, when passions clash on earth. All emotional upheavals, joy and pain appear as wonderful atmospheric effects. An all-pervading warmth can be perceived. Warmth is not just a state, but a force. There are four states to be distinguished:
In the air circle of Devachan, the harmony of the spheres can be heard; pleasure and pain become sounds. The fire region becomes sound that expresses the inner meaning. Everything has a name. There is a true name for every thing. In this region, the essence of a being resounds; they express themselves. Here at the fire region of the word is an important boundary. Those who are clairvoyant or in a post-mortem state can see the Akasha Chronicle shining from higher regions. A record remains of everything that happens. The power of the spiritual remains in the spiritual, this is almost indestructible. The Akasha image remains; the mortal, the related matter disappears. To interpret the images correctly, a strong sense of orientation is needed. An example: let us think of Goethe at the end of the eighteenth century and look at the relevant image in the Akasha Chronicle. We want an explanation about Faust. The image can provide an answer in terms of the spirit that Goethe had at the time. The images have an inner life without being the subject. Just as the stars shine through, so does the Budhi plane shine through the astral plane. Here man has shed his astral corpse and has a significant experience. He sees his physical body and has the feeling: “That's you!” the core of Indian Vedanta philosophy. |
111. Introduction to the Basics of Theosophy: The Relationship of the Self to the Other Elements
24 Sep 1907, Hanover Rudolf Steiner |
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111. Introduction to the Basics of Theosophy: The Relationship of the Self to the Other Elements
24 Sep 1907, Hanover Rudolf Steiner |
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The undeveloped person follows his instincts, the average person chooses between them, he refines and purifies them. This work is done by all of humanity. The I does this work on the astral body, which integrates itself into it as a higher one. The astral body consists of two parts: one that the human being had before humanity moved into him; the other he has transformed into the spiritual self. A man in whose soul nothing stirs any more that incites him to passions and desires has transformed his astral body into a spiritual self. From the middle of the Atlantean period until a distant future, man has to accomplish this work through his I.
The ennoblement of the astral body through the acquisition of intellectual abilities resembles the minute hand of the clock, the transformation of the etheric body through the ennoblement of the temperaments and moral abilities resembles the hour hand of the clock. The most powerful impulses for changing morals come from religions, they emanate from the great founders of religions, and also through genuine art, an art in which the divine passes through the sensual forms. The etheric body also consists of two parts: one that the human being has inherited and one that he transforms into the spirit of life. This happens through conscious, systematic work in a spiritual way, which then takes firmer hold than the inherited part. The effect of such work can then be applied to the physical body. This task is not the lowest, but the highest; it requires the strongest forces. The physical body is a structure full of wisdom, which is less understood by man than the astral body. We know more about our instincts, passions and desires than about how blood corpuscles move. What do we know about the functions of the spleen, liver, gall bladder, pineal gland? The latter was once used for clairvoyance and will be made capable of it again. Man will not get to know his own body through anatomy, by cutting up corpses, but through inner observation, through mastery of the body. The first step in this direction will be the transformation of the breathing process. The breath is the breath that, as it were, breathes into itself, which is why “Atma” means “spiritual man”. This I with its bodies is at the same time an imprint of the universe. With each step that man takes, his penetration into the universe deepens. It is dangerous and misleading to speak of theosophy as if the soul were absorbed in the universe. This absorption can only be achieved in stages through the deification of the human being.
The I is not easy to understand, it arises through work on the lower limbs; for this it must be trained. After the Atlantean time, people began to work on the Manas. In the Lemurian time, it entered the physical body. Before that, only the physical body, etheric body and astral body existed. There was an intermediate stage until the middle of the Atlantean period before work on the Manas could begin. Three stages were prepared for the ability to work out the I: the sentient soul, the mind soul and the consciousness soul. As far as the I is conscious, it works on the astral body in the mind soul. As the sword is in its sheath, so is the sentient soul in the soul body. The I first fertilizes the sentient, intellectual and consciousness soul in the astral body and works on the spirit self, life spirit and spiritual man in the etheric body. In the Nordic Druid schools, there were nine members of the human being, in Egypt seven. The Nordic students distinguished between the astral body or Kama-Rupa, the sentient soul in the soul body and, in the higher Manas, the consciousness soul and spirit self. According to the sevenfold division, five members are developed, two - Budhi and Atma - are still in the core. When a person falls asleep, the physical and etheric bodies remain in bed; the astral body and the ego withdraw, along with everything that develops through the ego. The dream is an intermediate state when the astral body is still connected to the etheric body in a certain way. Actually, the astral body should also be out; but one must not imagine this out-of-being in a tangible way. The astral body is drawn out with its powers; this is to be understood dynamically, not spatially. As long as the astral body is in the body, the person thinks and feels; all consciousness takes place through the eye, ear and so on. All this sinks when the astral body withdraws, fatigue sets in, but in the morning it gives way to refreshment. Where do the forces that strengthen and heal people come from? When people sleep, they lie in their physical and etheric bodies, which are in a plant-like state. Meanwhile, the soul returns to its radiant, better home in the astral plane. For those who have not yet been trained, all experiences sink into a higher world. More highly developed beings then find themselves in a surging world of flowing sound formations. At first there is silence, but spiritual ears hear a new world of sounds. It is possible to hear the connection between the planets and our sun. Those who look at the starry sky in terms of the Ptolemaic system see the stars moving. Divided into 360 degrees, each star moves one degree in relation to each other in one hundred years. Saturn moves one thousand two hundred times as fast, Jupiter two and a half times as fast; Jupiter moves five times as fast in relation to Mars, and Mars moves twice as fast as the Sun, Venus and Mercury - when viewed occultly. Mercury to Moon is like twelve to one. According to the speed of movement, each world body has a different tone; the harmony is the music of the spheres or spherical harmony. These tones move and swim in astral substances and forces. Just as we do not see the stars during the day, the soul moves away from its home; at night, it returns to a blissful, comforting element. The soul plunges into the cosmic worlds that belong to the sun, and in its vibrations the soul renews its strength. Paracelsus had the right concept for this state, he says: “A calm sleep must always bring health; insomnia, insufficient sleep shorten the physical life. After death, only the physical body remains and [this is] left to the dissolution of its substances and forces. The etheric body no longer works against the dissolution. The state that the etheric body is united with the deceased without the physical body can last for two to three days; it can last about as long as a person could endure without sleep. During this time, everything he has experienced from birth until he loses consciousness in death passes in his memory. No pain or pleasure is associated with these memories, the images are objective, they pass by like in a panorama. This is because the etheric body has the ability to form memories through the ego; it is the carrier of memory. It is an experience that the etheric body is separated from the physical body after death. In a finger, there are muscles and nerve ganglia. These ganglia are immersed in the substance of the etheric body as if in a hollow sphere. When a limb falls asleep, we feel a tingling sensation. This comes from a partial separation from the etheric body. Hypnotizing is therefore dangerous because a permanent tendency to push out the etheric body can arise. For a short time, the etheric body can leave the physical body through shock, falling and the like; if the person remains conscious, life appears as an image. This is proof that the etheric body conveys memory. When a person is free from the physical body through death and in the etheric body, he takes an extract of life with him, which joins the others as a new leaf, like a link in a chain. In this way, the ego enriches itself, the carrier of all further wanderings. |
111. Introduction to the Basics of Theosophy: The Interrelationship of Human Beings in Devachan and on Earth
25 Sep 1907, Hanover Rudolf Steiner |
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111. Introduction to the Basics of Theosophy: The Interrelationship of Human Beings in Devachan and on Earth
25 Sep 1907, Hanover Rudolf Steiner |
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Just like plant seeds, human beings take a multitude of seeds with them to Devachan, in order to develop them there anew. All the powers that rebuild the body are contained there; the archetypes of the human being are also found there. Long ago, the physical eyes were formed by the light. The light drew out the eyes, they are products of the light. Before that, man was still blind; the food juices, which otherwise provided the strength to feel, grasp, scratch and so on, were transformed to form organs for seeing. In this way, the ear was formed for sound, the nose for aroma. The archetype of the etheric body arises out of the watery region of Devachan. The archetype of the astral body arises out of the aerial region of Devachan. Out of these regions man creates the foundations for his physical shell. The time between death and birth teaches the reasons why he must come again and again. Man must always gain different experiences, otherwise it would be useless for him to come to the same earth. This is constantly changing. A million years ago, people could not live here in Germany because of the tropical heat. In our present homeland, there were the animals and plants of the equator. About twenty thousand years ago, there was an ice age in the North German lowlands that extended down to Bavaria. After the birth of Christ until the fourth century, Germany was still a land without culture. From a chronicle of an archbishop of Bremen, one can read that the people in the east, in the Mark, drink blood and have other barbaric customs. The children of the Greeks and Romans were educated differently than those of the Germans. Man does not enter the scene of the earth again until it has changed and he experiences a completely new situation. There is always something new to experience, and the earth always shows a new face. Peoples who had their spiritual life through the secret schools of high teachers retained certain feelings for the transformation of the earth; they knew that these transformations were connected with events in the starry sky. The point in the spring sky where the sun rises keeps moving. We are in the constellation of Pisces. At the time of Jesus' birth, the sun had been rising in the constellation of Aries for eight hundred years; two thousand one hundred and sixty years before that, it had been rising in the constellation of Taurus, and before that in the constellation of Gemini and Cancer. Thus, in about two thousand one hundred and sixty years, the sun passes through one constellation after another until it completes its cycle. After the Atlantean world, the Indian epoch emerged, under the sign of Cancer, which is a spiral-shaped vortex and represents the Indian cult. The Persian epoch was ruled by Gemini, the Babylonian, Assyrian and Egyptian epochs by Taurus. Each new solar sign brought a savior. Eight hundred years before Christ, the nations hoped for the Lamb, hence the words of John the Baptist about Christ: “This is the Lamb of God.” The saga of the Argonauts and the Golden Fleece, which Jason brought, also belongs here. It is often said that nature does not make leaps. But it does make huge leaps. A newborn child is a huge leap, and a plant's root, stem, leaf and flower are huge leaps! It meant a huge leap from the old Atlantic culture to the Indian one. In nature, everything is formed in a whirling manner, so Indian culture curled up into the Atlantic one. When the sun has passed from one constellation to another, the earth has always received a new face. The Indians under the sign of Cancer always longed back to the deity, their ancient home; the Persians had to distinguish light and darkness in the sign of Gemini, the Egyptians worshiped the sacred bull. The time between two incarnations varies greatly because people's intimate circumstances differ. On average, there are two incarnations in a solar sign, one male and one female, in the same individual. In the overall process of development, there are as many male as female incarnations. Only in exceptional cases do up to seven incarnations of the male sex follow one another, when special tasks need to be fulfilled. From the natural basis of motherly love an ethical bond develops. The networks that are woven from soul to soul on earth are much more intimate and lasting in the spirit world because the body as an obstacle no longer exists. The reunion there has its deepest satisfaction, the souls do not live next to each other, but in each other; time and space have ceased to exist. What work does a person do in devachan? He would be a poor world citizen, and it would be sad if he only wanted to rebuild himself as well as possible for the next incarnation. He has something important to do there, to work on shaping the world. It is wrong to imagine the stay in the spirit world as idleness. The hereafter is all around us, we can already be blissfully happy here; disincarnated, man works there on the transformation of the earth; what he then encounters again, he himself [helped to transform], he prepares his own bed. The forces of nature are only the outer, visible tone, which cannot be without spiritual impact. Consider the flowers in a meadow bathed in sunshine. With an open [spiritual] eye, you can see the radiance of the etheric body around the flowers, and in the sunlight that falls on them, you can see the departed working on the flowers. It is our cosmic, divine duty to help with planetary evolution in joyful devotion. If we were to shirk this duty, we would be like a brick in a building that does not want to be integrated and causes the house to collapse. If we were to indulge in a world-hostile asceticism, we would destroy the divine building. Every incarnation is important as a link in the being. There is nothing arbitrary about the personality. The limbs and the ego are nothing more than what man has acquired piece by piece. Everything around us is valuable, we are called upon to ennoble even the smallest thing to the greatest. Every life is the pearl of a string that we must consider to be of infinite value. When the human archetype has been formed, the astral body envelops it. Just as iron filings are drawn by the force of a magnet, so the astral substance forms around the I. New souls are always pushing to be embodied. Bell-like figures rush through the astral plane with extraordinary speed, which is an expression of their power. This is followed by the selection of parents; this often drives them from one end of the earth to the other, hence their haste. At the moment when the nascent human being reaches the place where he fits best, higher beings attach the etheric body to the astral body. As soon as these bodies are reconnected, the person experiences the opposite of their retrospective account of their death, they see their new life in front of them. The soul can be horrified by what is about to happen. Some people are so frightened that they prevent higher beings from integrating. Then the etheric body hangs down partially from the head, and people become idiots. It is delicate to talk about this, but the future child is already with its parents before conception and is incorporated into the small germ until about the seventeenth day after conception. The etheric body is then already active, and the higher members have a determining effect on the future person from there. From his last stay in the realm of purification, man took with him the desire to make up for the pain he caused others and felt as an inhibition. That is the brand that puts man in a position to make amends for what he has done. Attractions, sympathy and antipathy, proceed from Kamaloka and form the causes of destinies. Through the causes of the laws we are led to the strict laws of karma. The occultist can investigate how destinies are interwoven. Example: Five femal judges killed a person. In a previous life, this person was an Indian chief and killed the five others. |
111. Introduction to the Basics of Theosophy: The First Three World Days
26 Sep 1907, Hanover Rudolf Steiner |
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111. Introduction to the Basics of Theosophy: The First Three World Days
26 Sep 1907, Hanover Rudolf Steiner |
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In order to understand everything else better, it is useful to follow the development of the world on a large scale. First, our planetary development comes into consideration. Our Earth is our dwelling place and has already undergone many changes. When man has reached his goal, the Earth will also change into another planet. Our Earth has to go through seven embodiments as a planet: Saturn, Sun, Moon, Earth, Jupiter, Venus, Vulcan. The planet that was Earth as Saturn is not in the sky today. Today's Saturn was in its childhood then and is now in its manhood. Our Earth has nothing to do with the present Saturn. The names are therefore to be understood as generic terms and not as earthly conditions. By studying man himself, the planetary conditions become clear to us best. Man is the oldest being on earth. When the earth was Saturn, something of him was already present. The mineral, plant and animal kingdoms developed later. Occultism shows us the development quite differently than the Darwinian method. The fact that the most perfect part of the human being is the physical body cannot be grasped with the mind alone, but with the soul. For example, consider a thigh bone. With the application of the least material: what a magnificent bridge framework and network of beams! The art of engineering has not yet been able to imitate such a structure with the simplest means to achieve the greatest strength in the distance. What tremendous work the heart does! The astral body, with its passions, assails it, supplying it with a multitude of heart poisons; it can only survive because it is so strongly built.
The physical body is the oldest, on the sun the ether body was added, on the moon the astral body, and in the present state of the earth the I moved into the human being. In the sun, a core of the ether body moved into the human being. On the moon, the astral body called the physical body to its perfection. The gods worked on the physical body the longest. No body can replace glands if it is not permeated by an etheric body. On Saturn, we see the first rudiments of eyes, ears, larynx, liver, spleen, and bone system. The chemical processes on the Sun are found in living form on Saturn. The physical apparatus was formed. What is the eye if not a photographic apparatus! In the ear, tiny hairs are tuned to sounds, only through this can it pick up sounds. The larynx is a trumpet. The whole sphere of Saturn was covered with small reflective dots - eyes, ears and so on. Saturn was not a dense mass; there was also no water or air, it was a state of warmth, still dark, no fire breaking out. When I look into a human eye, I see my image; so Saturn sent its rays out into the world and reflected itself in it. The echo is a reflected sound. Saturn reflected everything like a great echo. We actually have seven senses, two of which are hidden: a sense of time and a sense of space. We actually have to describe the sense of touch or feeling as a sense of warmth. The sense of space is now quite hidden; it is a small channel in the inner ear; rods that stand in three directions. In the past, these were large organs. The ability to acquire mathematical knowledge is based on the complete development of these organs. The geometer draws his logical conclusions and judgments not through the brain, but through the sense of space; through it we know the three dimensions of space. The sense of time is located in the eye. It is the small black point in the eye and has the ability to contract and expand the ring-shaped muscles of the pupil. A person who does not have this sense easily suffers from madness, which is why the psychiatrist sees the condition of pupillary rigidity. Morphine makes the point smaller and smaller. Today this sense is difficult to find. Then Saturn darkened, entered its [pralaya] state and became the Sun. What is now called the zodiac was reflected in Saturn and formed the ring. How things are reflected depends on the surface. A concave mirror reflects things in a circle. Saturn reflects the other stars, which unite in it as if at a focal point. The sun forms beings with an etheric body. There were those who remained who had no etheric body; they remained Saturn beings; only with a physical body, they formed the second realm. On the Sun, man was a plant) as he still is in sleep. And just as plants are still sleeping today, humans in the solar state were in a perpetual sleep. On Saturn, man was in the mineral state, but we must not imagine it to be as condensed as our present-day minerals. Unlike Saturn, the Sun did not reflect heat back, but first absorbed it and then radiated it. If we had wanted to enter its surface, we would have felt as if we were in steam; it is similar to the present state of the Sun. While Saturn was permeable and reflected everything, there were spots on the sun, the retarded, the other was a luminous mass of gas. This is the spiritual explanation of sunspots. The occultist does not have to deny what the physical explainer says, he just sees more. As one sees a mirage, so did man see the luminous gas masses with their fine apparatus. The end of the air-shaped sun was approaching. The state of the moon resembles that of water, it was only denser and more jelly-like, similar to the protein substance. Here man received the etheric body in addition to the astral body. The glandular masses - concerning digestion, reproduction and so on - were caused by the etheric body, the nervous system came through the astral body. The sense organs were developed to a higher degree on the moon. The beings that had remained on the sun formed the third kingdom on the moon, so that we have mineral, plant and animal kingdoms. The latter, however, are different from the higher animals. They were animal-men, the regularly developed first kingdom; the other kingdoms have remained at the various levels. The highest kingdom actually consisted of animal-men and the second kingdom of plant-animals, the third kingdom of mineral-plants, the kingdoms have descended half a level. The human animals, however, were half a step higher than our present-day apes. The moon mass itself was a plant-mineral kingdom, it was like a peat bog, a mass of plants, half alive. The moon as a sphere consisted of the firmest mass of these wood and bark masses. A separation occurred in the moon's development. A sun drew its forces from the moon and kept the finest masses for itself. The bodies merged again, and a darkening occurred. An old moon with dense masses then orbited the sun. We now have the sun and the moon; the human animal lived on the moon. ![]() The Earth revolves around itself in twenty-four hours; around the sun, once a year. The old moon revolved around itself in the same amount of time, but always turned the same side towards the sun. The consequence was: there was a warm and a cold half. Therefore, it happened that the creatures went to the warm side during the mating season and to the cold side at other times, they orbited the moon constantly. The migratory behavior of [today's] migratory birds can still be traced back to a moon habit. Likewise, the mating seasons of animals and the like are still connected to moon habits. |
111. Introduction to the Basics of Theosophy: The Development of Humanity through the Cultural Epochs
27 Sep 1907, Hanover Rudolf Steiner |
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111. Introduction to the Basics of Theosophy: The Development of Humanity through the Cultural Epochs
27 Sep 1907, Hanover Rudolf Steiner |
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In those days, when the earth and moon were still together, in the time of fiery gases, all water was still dissolved in steam, it was a smoke of all substances. Those physical bodies into which the souls had moved were not like today's humans and animals. They would appear grotesque to us; the physical bodies were formed by the soul entering them. It is of great importance that the lungs form when the soul enters. Until then, the beings moved by floating and swimming in the air. During the cooling period, the swim bladder transforms into lungs; they formed when the soul entered. This transformation enabled blood to be formed. The I was able to couple with the human being. These conditions do not occur quickly; millions of years are necessary for this. The ability to breathe through the lungs and the descent of the souls into the bodies is wonderfully expressed in the Bible: God breathed the breath of life into man, and he became a living soul. Thus, through theosophy, the profound truths in the religions emerge, compelling people to respect the tremendous facts in the development of mankind. This worship of the supernatural remained until about the fourteenth century, until Christianity became materialistic. It is not at all Christian to understand the spiritual essence of Christianity in its spiritual form in an abstract, dry way through the research of theology, geology and so on. It is genuinely Christian to express the great events in cosmology as Moses did in the past: “Adam fell into a deep sleep!” This means: Adam saw clearly the development on the astral plane. It is presented as a symbol that he clairvoyantly perceived on the astral plane how the [gill-breathing] being was transformed into a lung-breathing being through the self. The migratory instinct on the moon was related to the mating and rutting season. Reproduction took place on its sunny side, and the interim period was spent on the other side. The animal-men, who were the highest lunar beings, had not yet attained a degree of love; love, which descends from the highest level to the plant world, had not yet gained any strength on the moon. Everything was strictly regulated by cosmic forces; wisdom was the guiding principle. With the advent of the astral body, humans descended to a lower level, and with that, love began. The moon is the planet of wisdom, the earth the planet of love. The wisdom-filled structure of the body developed mainly on the moon; at the end of the earth, love will be the motto. When we see the wonderful plant formations and the wisdom-filled structure of the human being, we find everything permeated by love. In the human being, it first reveals itself in the blood relationship of the ancient Atlanteans, and then develops into the compassion of brotherly love. From the coarsest forms of sexuality to the finest soul bonds, all beings are entwined in the bond of love. The transition from wisdom to love is a great step forward. Mankind owes the gradual infusion of love to the high solar beings, who already possessed all parts of the spirit and whose progress had reached its peak. Yahweh lowers the ego; he is the bringer and giver of love, through whom a unified bond is created; it is a mutual giving and taking that furthers the soul in love. There were also beings between gods and humans, only a part reached the Atma level. Many remained at the Budha level, while humans developed the beginning of Manas. The Atma gods, the sun beings, wanted to imprint love on people, while the moon gods wanted to imprint wisdom on them. The important role that blood love played at the beginning of the Lemurian period approached people. Because the Hebrews felt that they were related by blood, they were able to base their legislation on it. Love brings people together. They form larger and more comprehensive communities. The moon gods create an important counteraction. Freedom, individuality would have disappeared, people would have merged into a general love mess, that is why the moon gods directed their strongest attack against the union, their leader was Lucifer. So there were two currents, that of Yahweh and that of Lucifer, that of love and freedom. The Atlanteans already had their secret schools. In the post-Atlantean period, the most developed people moved under the great leader Manu to the Gobi Desert, from where colonizers went out to all cultures. Wisdom was spread by people, by initiates, not by books. The Indian culture consisted of descendants of the Lemurians and Atlanteans. The Indians received the Vedanta wisdom from the emissaries from Gobi, who were the holy rishis, seven in number. The first post-Atlantean culture, the Indian culture, preserved the memory of the clairvoyance of the Atlanteans, hence the deep longing of the Indians for this time when man still felt connected to the divine; they valued clairvoyance more than the vision of external objects. They said to themselves: What we see outside are mere shadows, illusions! That is why they aspired to transcend this world. Through the yoga training, they sought to achieve the extinction of physical reality in order to exchange it for clairvoyance. The Indians have retained their appreciation of the supernatural, but also their underestimation of the sensual world. It is a great mistake if this culture must pass away irretrievably, that it should be brought back into the present. Persian culture is a step forward in that it regards the earth as reality, as a field of labor. The Persians were aware that one must plant the spiritual in the sensual world. [The Persian] wanted to redeem the sensual world with the help of the spirit. The great Zarathustra saw the god of light in the solar aura, and opposite him stands Ahriman, the god of darkness. This was followed by the Chaldean-Babylonian-Assyrian-Egyptian culture. It had powerful leaders who married spirit and science. The Egyptians tried to impress the spirit of reality. Their interpretation of the stars was based on astrology and was imbued with spiritual wisdom, as were their architectures and famous monuments. In the fourth post-Atlantean period, the Greco-Latin period, something new was added. While the Indians longed for a dream world, the Persians progressed by thinking of the sensual world as a field of work, and the Egyptians were able to align their earthly existence with the orbits of the stars, it was left to the Greeks to see themselves as a form of spiritualization. Form and material became the means of a living immortalization of the spirit. The Greeks brought art down into earthly reality. Its social effectiveness was a real, social state structure. Great states are founded on causes other than physical facts. The Romans were the first to develop the concept of the “citizen”. In Greece, people were like members of a state; with the Romans, the individual figure came into its own. They imbued their own being with spiritual concepts, which is why jurisprudence flourished among them. They were conquerors of the external reality of man. Then came an event of fateful significance. From the Atlantean era until the Romans, the God of Love, Yahweh, and the God of Wisdom, Lucifer, fought within man. It was a matter of uniting and individualizing the two extremes. The close blood ties also diverged among the Hebrews. The time came when these associations were no longer sufficient. The peoples were thrown into confusion by the campaigns of Alexander the Great; the campaigns of the Romans formed a center of spiritual selfishness. It was a tremendous advance when Christ Jesus transformed the bond of love from a natural into a spiritual bond. His words are to be understood in this way: “Whoever does not leave brother and sister, son and daughter, and so on, cannot be my disciple. The beginning of love was sexuality. The soul relationships between people must become ever more refined until, at the end of the earth, brotherhood embraces all people. The preliminary stage of brotherhood came through Yahweh; the Christ brought spiritual love into the world; only then can man completely abandon it when love is spiritualized. This love must increase more and more in the relationships between people; it must become so great that it will triumph over all resistance. The Christ Jesus appeared at a time when people were drifting apart, to unite them in a great brotherhood. Therefore, the Christ Jesus is the true spirit of the sun and the earth, the ruler of the earth, who puts love at the center. Through Christ's atonement and sacrificial death, the astral plan is transformed from love of blood relationship into universal brotherly love. The first act takes place in Palestine, where a great brotherly bond is formed around humanity, the bond to love correctly where no blood ties exist. Christ Jesus provided the impetus for a transforming love that overcomes all. Christ Jesus is the greatest marriage between God and Man. The fifth epoch signifies a deep descent into matter; the spirit is held captive by it, it becomes its slave. Even religion has become materialistic, Christianity must be renewed through theosophy. It is a descent of the spirit into matter, this is not meant to be a criticism [of our age], but it must also be understood as a necessity. It is through this that concepts and logic are developed; natural science becomes the ruler of natural forces. However, it is still an enslavement of the spirit when the gigantic achievements are used only to serve the basest needs that were previously satisfied in the simplest way, while the spirit was cultivated. It is a waste of spiritual strength when animal instincts are satisfied with it. |
111. Introduction to the Basics of Theosophy: The Development of the Human Entity
28 Sep 1907, Hanover Rudolf Steiner |
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111. Introduction to the Basics of Theosophy: The Development of the Human Entity
28 Sep 1907, Hanover Rudolf Steiner |
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To understand the development of humanity as a whole, it is necessary to look at it from different perspectives. Apparent contradictions dissolve when you think about them more deeply. We saw how the body approached its present state through the Lemurian and Atlantean periods, when the Earth was still covered by vast masses of fog. We saw how a group of the advanced migrated to Ireland, not to the present one, but to a neighboring one. These people developed logical thinking. A mighty change had taken place with these people. Previously, the etheric body of man towered mightily above the head. The etheric body is the architect of the body, it builds the organs. It could work quite differently when it was inside instead of outside; this is how the brain became an instrument of thought. Thus, through this change, the brain became the organ of thought, and everything else had to adapt to it. The etheric body first had to remodel the head, then itself, in order to work back again. It is necessary to understand the development of man according to the method of the Rosicrucians or the Druids; they divided man into nine parts. Firstly, the “physical body”; secondly, the “etheric body”; thirdly, the “sentient body”, in which the “sentient soul” is the fourth link; fifthly, the “mind soul” or “lower Manas“, sixthly It was the most important event in the Atlantean era for the physical body that man learned to think in it. The task of our time until the farthest future is to align the other parts accordingly, except for the ninth link, which will be further developed in other cycles. We have now arrived at the fifth, the [Germanic-Anglo-American] epoch. After the seventh epoch, an event will take place, like the old Atlantic flood. The spiritual man will then move into the human being, like the etheric body into the physical body in the Atlantic period. In India, the influence of the etheric body became apparent. This is the reason for their longing to merge into Brahman, to lose themselves in the heights of the music of the spheres. They lived with constant awareness in the etheric body and had a great understanding for everything that rises above the earthly. They fulfilled the task of adapting the etheric body to culture. The Persians trained the sentient soul to perceive the outer world and to overcome it through work. They cultivated agriculture and viticulture. The body no longer indulges in inner feelings, it applies muscle power. Perfecting the sentient soul was reserved for the Egyptians. Their mystery schools were in full bloom. The disciples of Hermes regarded the heavens as an ocean of stars; the stars were entities to them, animated by sympathy and antipathy. Intellect, sentiment, and imagination expanded among the Greeks; the Romans founded jurisprudence. The nations became aware that reason celebrates its victory in the individual human being. In the past, the connection between states was always guided by priestly wisdom, so hierarchies and castes formed. The spiritual life of ancient peoples was different from ours; it was a prophetic one. The Sibylline books, in which events were predicted a thousand years in advance, came from such a source. The initiates foresaw the course of events. Thus we see Egyptian history guided by divine inspiration. The leaders drew up a plan, saying: “If we are to achieve salvation, we must direct our destiny according to heaven.” They followed the laws of planetary orbits and divine numbers. True disciples of the great masters thus wisely guided the Egyptians through seven ages. There was a priest cult until Greek times. By personally turning to himself, man breaks away from divine revelations. Turning to oneself was symbolized in the snake as a sign of wisdom. The snakes of Laocoon show the struggle of priests with the snake, the struggle of the fourth with the third epoch. For another part of the ancient world, the horse was the sign of wisdom. The horse is a retarded human being. It was the last of the equine natures to evolve. Those who observe the world with a more refined sensibility will understand how some peoples love their horses. The Arab and his horse are one. People instinctively feel a certain gratitude for this animal. The meaning of the centaur is an ancient secret. The Indians revered the horse, as do our Nordic peoples, and it is [in the coat of arms of Lower Saxony]. In the Apocalypse, reference is made to the horse. Odysseus made the wooden horse to bring about the fall of Troy, where priestly wisdom was preserved the longest. The Romans felt their descent from the priestly caste and depicted it ingeniously. Aeneas, son of Anchises, founded “Alba Longa”, that is, Ancus Marcius: mind soul. He built canals and built a wall around the city. Tarquinius Priskus: spirit self. He waged wars and promoted the arts. Servius Tullus: Spirit of life, he gives laws. Tarquinius Superbus: Man of spirit. He is of an ambiguous nature, he strives for the most sublime, which he cannot obtain. The modern mind knows only the profane, it cannot see how such a line-up as that of the Roman kings is possible. What a hassle the historians went to explaining Livy. Christ, the God who leads people upwards, is not a particular member of a people, he belongs to all peoples. He is the man who speaks to man. Our era, the Germanic-Anglo-American era, follows. Christianity was too high for the young tribes to understand. It is only now beginning to seep in. Our time is partly lost to the outside world. Those with occult eyes would see the transition that separates the last third of the previous century from the past as the dawn of a new era. Before, students were plagued with dry facts. There is a change taking place in physics, geology, biology and natural science. Ten years ago, at the meeting of natural scientists in Vienna, the chemist Ostwald put energetics, power, in the place of atomism. The spirit will take its place. [...] In the sixth period, the manas or spirit self will infuse into the consciousness soul. Since the fourteenth century, initiates have said that they have to reckon with science, and the spiritual researcher knows all the facts of it. The consciousness soul has the consciousness of the Atma truths that have become real. The spiritual researcher knows, for example, that light is not created by objective vibrations. What is necessary for our time is the inflow of the spirit self. This is what the Rosicrucian training aims at; it helped to prepare the time. Christ Jesus came in the fourth epoch, he gave the world direction. He will return when people will have the ability to recognize him. The human culture will look into higher worlds through the spirit self. The system of Copernicus, the theory of Darwin were great because they trained thinking, as did the physics of Galilei and so on, but they are only the presentation of objective facts. Thinking can put oneself in the place of spiritual science. In the sixth period, a great change will take place in Europe, the peoples of the East will merge with those of the West. The coincidence of the consciousness soul with the manas or spirit self is what is referred to in the New Testament as the Holy Spirit. This is the program for the future. It will happen in any case, despite any opposition. Like leaves falling from a tree, the countercurrents will be repelled. Those who have learned to walk with the true laws can work together. Not only the soul life is changing, but also the human body. We have organs that are in decline, others are developing. Those for reproduction have the shortest life, they came last and will be the first to fall away. They formed in the Lemurian period and were blackmailed by the astral body. Before that, humans and animals had reproductive organs that were permeated by the etheric body; they were of a plant-like nature. The change occurred when the etheric body was seized by the astral body, so later the lowest acts became of a carnal nature. In the Vatican collections, in a corner, you can see a man with a plant-like structure growing out of his back, so faithfully did art preserve the secret of early reproduction. The “fig leaf” has a completely different meaning than is usually assumed; it is a reference to the descent of man through the plant leaf. In the ascent, the larynx will be the organ that serves reproduction. The inner soul is reproduced outwards through images and inferences that express themselves in words. The word is a condensed form. This is the process of creation; the [solar beings] created through the spoken creative word. Everything created is the condensed word of God. Goethe had a sense of this when he wrote: “The sun sounds.” The angels are creative sun gods. Man is called to become creative through the word. In the beginning was the word, the word became flesh. This is the Christ Jesus, as John testifies in the Gospel. |
111. Introduction to the Basics of Theosophy: Why Must Human Beings Be Reincarnated Again and Again?
29 Sep 1907, Hanover Rudolf Steiner |
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111. Introduction to the Basics of Theosophy: Why Must Human Beings Be Reincarnated Again and Again?
29 Sep 1907, Hanover Rudolf Steiner |
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Among other things, the body with its organs, for example the heart, must become more and more perfect. Today, man can still have little effect on his soul. When he can move his heart organ at will through ether currents, he will become the independent conqueror of the organism. Thus humanity changes from form to form. Each time a person returns, his dwelling is improved. The Indians worked on the etheric body, the Persians on the sentient body, the Egyptians on the sentient soul, the Romans and Greeks on the mind soul. Today's humanity has brought it to the consciousness soul. We notice a crossover of individualities through the cultures. The Indians developed memory, but it was more of a mental memory than that of the Atlanteans. The Persians came to an intimate relationship with nature. The Egyptians were mystically inclined. The Greeks and Romans developed intellect and wisdom. Now man must really experience the outer world, where he belongs, through experience, otherwise it remains a dream to him. We are now in a stage in which man is trying to control the forces of nature. There is a karma that connects entire nations. For example, throughout the Middle Ages, the peoples of Europe were often threatened by the Huns just as they had barely begun to rise through Christianity. These Mongols had astral bodies that went into decay, but this is a spiritual process. They were remnants of the ancient Atlanteans under their leader Attila or Etzel. If the peoples had not been afraid, the Huns could not have harmed them. Thus the corrosive influence was transmitted to the fresh astral bodies of the peoples. This caused leprosy or misery. The saga of this is in “Poor Henry” by Hartmann von der Aue. The picture “The Battle of the Huns” shows the event on the astral plane. We collect good karma when we bring our lives together into a harmonious unity. We always experience something; life brings it to us, we have to add the fruits. To get certainty about facts of karma, we must not speculate or philosophize, we must let the facts speak for themselves as they unfold. The occultist investigates real facts. It is difficult to trace past lives backwards. The occultist does not make hypotheses, otherwise he would soon be discredited. Observational thinking is better for the occultist than subjective thinking. It is important to experience world-ending thinking. From the karmic point of view, experiences are of two kinds: those for which we are not responsible and those we have earned. Not everything is a karmic effect. We are confronted with facts, misfortunes; those for which we are not responsible find their compensation later. A thought that becomes a habit in our life expresses itself in the etheric body in the next life; the tendency to rejoice becomes the tendency of the etheric body. Sensations and perceptions depend on the experiences of the previous life; we cannot help how they now arise in us. Let us consider the astral body itself. Feelings, passions, sensations and perceptions are properties of the astral body. Stormy lust indicates an undeveloped astral body, while high moral concepts indicate a purified one. Depending on whether we educate it with careful moral concepts, sublime ideas or by indulging every desire, the astral body takes shape in the next life - and consequently even more so the etheric body - in inclinations and temperaments. A libertine who gave in to sensual lust in his previous life will experience this as a temperament in his etheric body in his present life. Those who work intellectually acquire talents and abilities for the future. The occultist must acquire the ability to effortlessly return to the same fact and to love it; this will have a great influence on his etheric body, giving him an excellent memory in the next life. In the Buddha-doctrines there are always repetitions, these have the purpose of making the etheric body, which is dependent on the astral body, capable of expanding the memory. The qualities of the astral body become those of the etheric body and are expressed in the physical body in the next life. Through patience and perseverance, we can already expand our memory somewhat in this life. Dispositions for disease come from outside and from within the person. Dispositions for this come from sensual habits and express themselves in diseases in the next life. We should not only increase healthy dispositions, but also acquire good ones. A person of good health takes care of good habits. This is how abilities and temperaments develop. Those who are bitter and do not get rid of this fault will develop a tendency towards typhoid, feverish diseases. Those who are always criticizing, who can't do anything right for anyone, who can't truly love, will age prematurely and easily develop wrinkles and be ugly. Those who can develop sympathy and love stay young for a long time. Those who focus on an unhealthy, heightened sense of achievement and want to own a lot are consequently prone to infectious diseases. Experiences affect people; what they do and what constantly takes place on the physical plane all shape their future destiny. Their deeds, good or evil, in turn shape the future body. Thus we have a cycle of facts and their consequences. |
111. Introduction to the Basics of Theosophy: General Karma: The Example of the Atlanteans
30 Sep 1907, Hanover Rudolf Steiner |
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111. Introduction to the Basics of Theosophy: General Karma: The Example of the Atlanteans
30 Sep 1907, Hanover Rudolf Steiner |
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If [the Atlanteans] had not striven for higher qualities than those offered by their race, they could not have become Indians. Those who learn only what is necessary to fulfill a profession, to become a soldier, and the like, are not capable of elevating or advancing the race. Those who are guided into a theosophical lodge can learn the things that lead them beyond the race and that help them beyond their incarnation. Man can either grow together with the race or go beyond it, perish in it or reach a higher level. Those who do not study enough must come back in the same race. Those who do not strive to advance gradually run the risk of falling into ruin. There are always a lot of people who cling to the fleeting facts, do not want to go into the timeless, and push away the guides who point to the future. It is their choice to go with them or not to develop further. The more intensely these people reject progress, the more they condemn themselves to remain behind. In “Ahasver”, the “Eternal Jew”, it is described what it means to remain eternal in a race because he does not want to hear the Redeemer. All occult struggle affects the deepest nature of man. What happens in the etheric body has an influence on the physical body. Thus it would have become most disastrous for a nation if a leader of the people had sinned against the etheric body through debauchery; the consequences could have been like the plague. The legend of Oedipus is based on this fact. Oedipus was a highly initiated person and was able to solve the riddle of the Sphinx, but he did not see through the blood ties, so the saying of the oracle. It is objected that if man is subject to karma and heredity, we should not intervene to help his fate. In the Bach family there were many great musicians. Just as their outward physiognomies resembled each other, so they all had a musical ear. The individuality that incarnates seeks out a suitable instrument, parents who give it the opportunity to develop its abilities. Likewise, eight famous mathematicians were incarnated in the Bernoulli family. [...] The disposition draws the relevant people down; morally upstanding parents will attract appropriate children. It is not true that Theosophy can destroy a mother's love because a foreign individuality is embodied; on the contrary, the child loves its mother before it is loved by its mother. Freedom of action is not affected. We should always grasp karma with our hearts, then we will be carried beyond the difficulties. Karma is a life account. The bookkeeping is mathematically determined by the cash balance, which can be quite different. Should the merchant be deterred by losses? New items can always be entered in the debit and credit sides, depending on the situation. If the merchant needs help and we can assist him, it is considered a good item and must have a good effect. If we were helpful, we have entered a good item for ever. If we help in an effective way, the differences will be resolved. This is a bone of contention between theologians and theosophists. The priests claim that they cannot recognize the law of karma because Jesus Christ helped people through his death; but the theosophists did not want to believe in representation. The two can get along well together. It is possible that one can help in a matter in which the other cannot help himself. Let us apply this fact to Christ Jesus. Those who look more deeply into it will learn to understand it; without his help, humanity would be lost. In the past, people believed in karma and reincarnation, which worked through all races. The teaching is still represented in Buddhism and the Mongolian race and formerly in Europe. Buddha worked in Europe in the old mysteries and was the same individuality who appeared in Asia as the Buddha and in Europe as [Bodha - Wodha -] Wotan. The doctrine of reincarnation is being lost, the esoteric life cannot be taught publicly because new times are dawning. Now the time is approaching again when people will prepare themselves to receive the Christ anew. He will come when he is understood esoterically. The teaching of reincarnation disappeared about a thousand years before Christ, he could only speak of it to his most intimate disciples. He spoke to them of his return and went with them to the mountain and was transfigured. The disciples became clairvoyant beyond time and space and saw exalted figures: Moses and Elijah. The eternity of the spirit stands before them. The disciples ask the Master if Elijah will not come back, He answers: Did you not see him? John was indeed Elijah, but he says nothing to anyone. — This teaching He will proclaim when He will appear again. For the time being, this secret was withheld from mankind. The great teachers do not tell people everything they know, but what is useful to them. Most of you listeners have been theosophists before, or come from the old Druid schools; you heard the old truths in legends, fairy tales and myths. There are no dogmas in theosophy. In three thousand years another theosophy will replace the present one. Anyone who dogmatizes sins against it. In the old states, there was a firm belief in reincarnation. It was hardly credible, for example, what Etruscan slaves had to endure under the Romans. Only the consciousness of a just compensation kept them going. The individual felt like a link in the whole. The time had to come to take the present life as seriously as if it were the only one; eternity depends on it. We see in our culture that it is considered so valuable to work for this plan. The physiological influence gradually emerged that the brain is not capable of grasping more than earthly life. The temperance movements are paving the way for Theosophy. Christianity had to take into account that humanity was not yet capable of knowing the higher worlds, so it had to be taught exoterically, and it may only be proclaimed esoterically when the Christ appears. This truth is hidden in the wedding at Cana. The sacrificial juice was water, it was then transformed into wine. The Greek Dionysus festivals were also celebrated so that the ego of man became earthbound and looked down from heaven. Christianity retained the custom of drinking wine at festivals. In the Homeric age, the doctrine of reincarnation disappears, the present time included. This is a period of time during which the soul returns once as a male and once as a female. One incarnation had to be spent in the present culture, while the earlier one was at the beginning of Christianity or shortly before. It should come as no surprise that in an age of masculine culture, spiritual culture, which began with Theosophy, came through a woman. The Theosophical movement will prove to be eminently practical. It will lead people to overcome gender within themselves and to elevate themselves to a point of view where the spiritual self and the spiritual human being stand, who are trans-gender and trans-personal, to the purely human. A similar consciousness will gradually awaken in women as it has in men. Those who feel themselves to be women on the other side of humanity will speak of the “eternal masculine” in female nature, like those who spoke deeply from the soul: “The eternal feminine lifts us up.” This is then a true understanding and solution to the women's issue. A spiritual age will result in the realization of the supra-sexual interior, without wanting to retreat into the ascetic or deny the sex. When people ennoble and beautify this relationship, they live in the supra-sexual. It can then be said: The eternal human draws us up. |
111. Introduction to the Basics of Theosophy: Secret Teaching
01 Oct 1907, Hanover Rudolf Steiner |
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111. Introduction to the Basics of Theosophy: Secret Teaching
01 Oct 1907, Hanover Rudolf Steiner |
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Eleventh Lecture, Hanover, October 1, 1907 Until now, we have looked at the laws of the world, the course of the world and destiny, and the development of the human being. These were facts that we could not grasp with our hands, but we could grasp them with reason. We are now entering the secret school. There are three types to distinguish. The school of yoga, the Christian-Rosicrucian training and the Christian training. From the secret schools, as we saw, clairvoyants, initiates and adepts can emerge. It would be wrong to speak of adepts in our materialistic time, it would be considered foolishness. It is looked down upon as something childish. Anything that goes beyond the five senses is believed to have nothing to do with true science, and secret training is seen as a danger everywhere. With proper guidance from a teacher of the occult, all dangers are avoided. The training provides a bridge to the higher worlds, to invisible spheres. Our time demands with particular intensity that something flow from higher worlds into spiritual and scientific culture so that it does not freeze. Occultism regards the dogmas and theories that some scholars put forward as harmless because they are limited to a narrow field. Materialism, which wants to transform everything into money, is worse. Even excavations only provide limited insights, but in excavations and everywhere in natural science, occult truths emerge. Instead of theosophists fighting science, it would serve them to study natural science in the occult sense. Then one can see, for example, what a natural scientist like Haeckel has achieved. Through feeling and willing, misunderstanding has also entered religion. We no longer have any conception of the pious awe with which people until the twelfth century regarded the mystery of the transformation of the Lord's Supper. The words “This is my body, this is my blood” were a spiritual truth for them. Through the transformation into the material, the bread becomes flesh. The mystery of the Lord's Supper was now understood in material terms, and the Catholic Church hardened into dogmas. Natural science would not be materialistic today if materialism had not first entered into religion. What thoughts, feelings and sensations mean for the individual becomes, for a people, the karma of the people as a whole. If materialism continues in this way, it will not be long before nervous disorders occur epidemically, just as there are already many children with nervous disorders. Theosophy does not arise out of arbitrariness, it has a command to fulfill: to become a remedy for the plague of mental illness. It is necessary to make people capable of this task by strengthening the spirit. A small group can already be a blessing. There will be few bringers of salvation. Only a few people can bear to hear the truth. Man must learn to remain silent about what he experiences. All spiritual emerged from the secret school of thought, and man can now once again take this path to higher worlds. Man is of composite nature, he lives in the world of the senses and within. The soul body is based on thinking, feeling, willing, on views and ideas. Enchantment, joy, pleasure and pain pass through thinking into feeling and willing. Thinking is the simplest, the world puts thinking in its place, here is still the greatest harmony. Through thinking, man learns to distinguish feelings. In pure thoughts, for example mathematics, feelings are most worked out, so that people no longer argue about the content. Occult training begins after thinking with the recognition of feelings. When you have the purest thoughts, you know about the feelings in the background of the soul. The will originates from even deeper reasons. The feelings are deep inside the soul and are connected to the hidden worlds. It is necessary to train the mind for intimate things, to direct it to supersensible things, this is done through concentration. Through meditation you learn to treat thoughts visually, not abstractly. Thought can be applied to the physical world. Only a trained secret researcher can explore the hidden. Our emotional world is a part of the astral world, a faint reflection of it. Until feeling has been trained, one cannot work in higher worlds; it happens by regulating it, so that one does not get lost in sympathy and antipathy. In addition to the schooling, the impulses of the will must be developed. Volition is related to the mental world, feeling to the astral world, and thinking to the physical world. Through the secret magical schooling, one penetrates into the spiritual world. Truth is ancient and eternal. However, it adapts to the stages of development. In the fifth post-Atlantean age, one cannot arrive at it as one did with the Rishis of the Indians. The secret schools already originated with the Atlanteans and in the middle of our time, the fourth cultural period. The Christian secret schools were reformed by Christian Rosenkreutz, the knight of the rosy cross; in them one could learn what the philosopher's stone is. The Christian schooling is more difficult to apply than the Rosicrucian one, but the latter does not contradict the Christian one. The Christian schooling was not familiar with the thoughts in whose sense we grasp today's life. The Christian-Rosicrucian schooling gives the guidelines to reach higher worlds in a timely manner. It starts from the three basic human powers: thinking, feeling and willing. Man must stand firmly in reality through his thinking. Through a good foundation of thinking, the higher world flows into the lower one in a sure way. Those who take up Theosophy are taking the first step. For the time being, one cannot see the facts with one's eyes or hear them with one's ears, but one can grasp them with one's reason. We must always use reason and have patience. The clairvoyant shows what one must do; through application, one will find his teachings to be true. What is not proven is fantastic. If you live as the law of karma requires, you have indirect proof of its correctness. Thoughts that are not based on eternal laws have no value. We must look at what happens to us through karma as if we had inflicted the actions on ourselves [...]. We can best put ourselves in karma if we repeat the actions. In the Sermon on the Mount, Christ refers to karma: “If someone strikes you on the cheek” and “But if anyone says to you, ‘Go, and do as I say,’ and ‘If anyone says to you, ’Go and cover, as well as the robe' and so on. What Theosophy is can be understood if you dig deep enough. |